| 心理学中实验法的方法论地位重估 |
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| 引用本文： | 李莉莉. 心理学中实验法的方法论地位重估[J]. 心理学探新, 2019, 0(6): 491-495 |
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| 作者姓名： | 李莉莉 |
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| 作者单位： | (新疆师范大学教育科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830017) |
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| 摘 要： | 认知心理学以实验法为其方法论基础,着力对人类的认识过程进行模型建构。然而,早在20世纪70年代初,其创立者奈塞尔就对心理学的实验范式感到不满,转而寻求心理学的生态学效度。心理学中对实验法的推崇源于自然科学特别是物理学的成功。而实际上,物理学在20世纪初遭遇了实验法所带来的困境。受制于实验法的种种局限,当代认知科学逐渐放弃了方法论的沙文主义立场,接纳了来自语言学、哲学、神经科学等多领域、多视角的研究策略。心理学在一定程度上具有人文科学的性质,因此同样需要采用多重研究手段和方法,而不是一味地笃信实验法的权威性。
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| 关 键 词： | 认知心理学 实验法 方法论沙文主义 |
A Methodological Statue Reappraisal of the Experiment Method in Psychology |
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| Li Lili. A Methodological Statue Reappraisal of the Experiment Method in Psychology[J]. Exploration of Psychology, 2019, 0(6): 491-495 |
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| Authors: | Li Lili |
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| Affiliation: | (College of Educational Science,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumuqi 830017) |
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| Abstract: | Cognitive psychology takes experiment as its methodology,and put forth effort on model construction about human cognition.In the early 1970s,Ulric Neisser,the founder of cognitive psychology was so dissatisfied with such an experimental paradigm of psychology that he departed from it and turned to the ecological validity of psychology.The over-valued of experiment in psychology stems from the success of modern nature science like physics.But actually,physics had encountered the predicament brought by experiment as early as the beginning of the 20th century.Confined by the limitation of experiment,the contemporary cognitive science abandoned the methodological chauvinism gradually,and accepted multi-disciplinary,multi-angle of view research strategy from linguistics,philosophy,and neuroscience etc.To a certain extent,psychology is a human science,therefore,it needs to adopt multiple research means and methods,rather than believe in the authority of experiment blindly. |
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| Keywords: | cognitive psychology experimental method methodological chauvinism |
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