Music as a way of knowing: tentative steps towards extending the boundaries of traditional music philosophy

Based on Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences and Ray Jackendoff s theory of a Universal Musical Grammar this article proposes that music be regarded as a way of knowing by which man endeavours to make sense of, interpret and articulate—by means of a system of sound symbols—an aspect of reality which cannot be expressed in any other way. The four main points of this hypothesis are: (1) Music refers to a reality that is neither solely a product of my imagination, my feelings or the constitution of my body, nor to a reality that can be explained solely in empirical terms. Rather, it includes both these dimensions, but at the same time is more than both of them put together. (2) The language of music is unique in that it is structured like no other language; it is structured in accordance with the reality it refers to. (3) Unlike mathematics (or even spoken language), the language of music, in its manifestation as culturally diverse musics, is semantically and ethically not a neutral language. (4) The emergence of art music can be explained particularly well by means of the model of music as a way of knowing.