学前儿童道德责任意识的发展研究

该文通过个别访谈的方法，考察了96名3～5岁幼儿依据允许性、可变性、权成依赖性以及规则依赖性四种判断标准对同伴、以及成人主人公的道德行为判断及其归因。结果显示，多数学前儿童都能根据不同的判断标准对主人公行为做出符合道德规则的判断，表现出较强的道德责任意识，且这一意识在3～4、5岁之间获得了较为显著的发展，尤其是在权威依赖性标准上。归因分析显示近1／4的幼儿明确采用相应的道德规则对主人公的行为作出解释。这些结果支持认知发展的领域特殊论，揭示出学前儿童很早就发展起来的道德责任，这对当前的道德教育和公民教育实践具有一定启示意义。

Development of Preschoolers' Moral Responsibility Consciousness

Development of 96 3 - 5 - year - old preschoolers＇ cognition of moral actions were examined on four criterion judgments and justifications for judgments by telling series of illustrated life stories individually. Results showed that ： Most preschoolers could make judgments accordance with moral rules on the criterions of permissibility, alterability, contingency of authority and contingency of rule, this consciousness showed significant development between 3 and 4 - 5 - year - olds, especially on the criterion of contingency of authority. Analyses of preschoolers＇ justification indicated that nearly 1/4 preschoolers used corresponding moral rules explaining protagonists＇ behavior. These results supported the domain specific theory of children＇s cognitive development, disclosed preschoolers＇ early developed moral responsibility, and had implications to researches and practice of moral responsibility education to citizen at present.