西方环境伦理学的整体主义诉求与困惑--现代系统整体论的启示

在西方环境伦理学中，生态中心论具有强烈的整体主义诉求。认为，人类只是自然整体中的一个成员和后来者；生态系统的价值具有内在性和优先性；人类对自然生态系统负有直接的、终极的道德责任和义务。这些观点受到一些学者的质疑。系统整体论理念和复杂性研究对生态系统与人类的关系，系统的目的性，整体的价值等问题提供了一定的支持和启示。

The Holism of Western Environment Ethics and its Problem

In the western environmental ethics, ecocentrism shows a strong pursuit of holism. It is hold that mankind is only a member and the latecomer of the natural unity. The value of ecosystem is intrinsic and prior. Mankind has a direct, ultimate moral responsibility and duties to the ecosystem. These standpoints suffer queries of some scholars. System holism and complexity science can supply some support and revelation to these questions.