文化视域下文化神经科学学科主张与检讨

文化神经科学是在宏大的文化背景下来全面深入考察个体的"心理、行为与脑认知机制"之间规律的一门学科。文化神经科学所倡导的神经-文化交互作用模型表明该学科以融合视野引领心理学研究范式的变革成为可能。同时,从文化学视野来审视,亦折射出其在文化学层面的短板,即人文精神与文化意蕴在"文化"名义下日渐式微。

Subject Claims and Review of Cultural Neuroscience on Cultural Perspective

The Application of brain cognitive technology (Such as fMRI, ERP, PET, EEG and MEG, etc.) ,neuroscience and cultural psychology advocate in cultural neuroscience reveal the cross-cultural field of human psychology and behavior of the brain mechanism, and the brain Interacting with cultural elements and then restricting human behavior patterns. It implements the interaction and dialogue between the broadest cultural background and the microscopic brain network. The existing brain imaging studies have shown that the specific socio-cultural background does have a certain impact on the individual's cognitive processes, cognitive patterns and brain. Therefore, the cultural neuroscience advocates that the human brain has the plasticity, and the cultural background changes the neural network. At the same time, the ever-changing brain network system will change and influence the culture, which forms the mechanism of social cognition-culture-brain interaction, which directly affects and constrains individual behavior. Cultural neuroscience integrates the grand cultural background and the study of the interaction of micro-brain activity, which reflects the profound changes in psychology of the pursuit of scientific research paradigm, but it also reflects its shortcomings in the cultural level, that is, the humanistic spirit and cultural connotation are declining for the name of "culture", which mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, the psychological method of instrumentalism, the premise of the psychology becoming a natural science is the use of empirical methods, which formed the empirical method of priority and central status, leading to psychological research methods of instrumentalism. Cultural neuroscience as a science, and inevitably the criticism of the empirical methodology is not complete, and it is still the method center of the default; Second, the cultural semantic misreading. cultural connotation is not understood and applied completely in cognitive neuroscience, at the same time, leading to another problem of the cultural-neuroscience to face is the departure of cultural context, that is, lack of ecological; Third, the rational spirit of publicity. cultural – neuroscience’s research paradigm reflects the research program strictly controlling, the standardized management of the experimental process, the generalization of the results of the study, the construction of human psychological law of extreme self-confidence, which is the ultimate spirit of human reason publicity; Fourth, the loss of human subjectivity, that is, in the cultural neuroscience research the risk of reversionism in the paradigm and the possibility of the loss of subjectivity are not only the subjective image of "human", but eventually it can slide to the theory of reduction. In addition, there is an important issue in cultural-neuroscience that is still in dispute, which is the ethical problem of brain imaging method to be solved. However, it is undeniable that cultural-neuroscience is a new field and direction in the integration of neuroscience and cultural psychology. This means that cultural-neuroscience will have more problems to face and solve. It is foreseeable that, with the rise of the second generation of cognitive science emphasizing situational, embodied and dynamic, cultural neuroscience will make possible corrections to the relationship between body and mind, and further rationalize the relationship of the brain, body and cultural, to achieve a innovation breakthrough of the psychology paradigm.