利他主义:从社会生物学到社会科学

对自然界和人类社会中广泛存在的利他行为,社会生物学在动物行为研究的基础上提出几种假说,并把它推进到人类行为领域,由此引发与其他学科,尤其是社会科学众多解释模式之间的争论.造成分歧的主要原因不仅是利他行为本身的复杂性和多样性,更主要的是不同学科范式之间,以及这些范式所秉承的研究传统和学科目标之间的差异.对利他行为合理的科学解释必须放弃由于学科分割而造成的门户之见,把客现现象的人为分裂重新整合起来.这种学科间的整合不同于以往意义上研究方法的交叉与互补,而是要在"生物--社会"层面建立一个关于人类行为的全新的理论架构.

Altruism:from sociobiology to social science

Sociobiology provided some agreeable interpretations for altruist behavior in animal societies. But its opinions arouse dramatic debates when being applied in the research human behavior. The leading cause of the controversy was not only the complexity and diversity of such behaviors, but also the differences of paradigms and traditions that each discipline pursued. To resolve this artificially diverging and achieve a wholly understanding of human behavior, we should give up sectarian tendencies and quest an integrative method. This integrative method can help us to construct a new theory of human behavior.