楚竹书《孔子诗论》“类序”辨析

通过对楚竹书《孔子诗论》的分析,结合对《诗经》文本形成过程的探讨,得出《诗经》之部类及其类序为《风》、《小雅》、《大雅》、《颂》的结论,同时厘清孔子、《孔子诗论》和《毛诗》在文本方面的关系。《诗经》的结集经历了一个过程,其分类由来已久;未曾更改。《诗》“类序”的形成也具有一定的历史性,是在《诗》文本编辑过程中自然形成的。孔子在整理《诗经》的过程中并不存在一个前提性的“编序”原则,所谓孔子“删诗”,只是对诗篇做些必要的一般性古籍整理而已。至于出土文献《孔子诗论》中偶尔出现的颠倒《诗》“类序”的论述亦属正常,并不能说明孔子曾编有与传统《诗》“类序”相反的文本,也不能否定《毛诗》文本具有一定的历史延续性,更不能由此说明《孔子诗论》中出现“类序颠倒”具有更为不可测知的寓意。

Discrimination of Classification of the Different Poems and Their Order Elucidated in Confucius' on the Book of Poetry of the Chu - Period Bamboo - Slip Edition

Through an analysis of Confucius' on the Book of Poetry of the Chu - Period Bamboo -Slip Edition, the present article, in combination with an exploration of the textual formation of the Book of Poetry, concludes that the classification of its different poems and their order are: Feng, Xiao Ya, Da Ya, Song, and at the same time determines the textual relationship among Confucius , Confucius' on the Book of Poetry, and Mao on the Book of Poetry ( Mao Shi). The Book of Poetry formed itself into a collection of poems over a definite period of time, and its classification has long been established without any changes since, and its formation is only a natural process As a result, when Confucius compiled it there was no pre - established principle at all, and that he had crossed out certain pieces is an necessary act in compiling ancient books. The accidental inversion in Confucius' on the Book of Poetry does not testify that he has made a different edition, and can not deny the considerable historical continuance of Mao Shi, let alone that the " inversion" in Confucius' on the Book of Poetry bears an unfathomable intention.