当代西方心理学的三种新取向及其比较

当代西方心理学界先后出现了后现代心理学、积极心理学和进化心理学等新的研究取向。这三种取向在对现代主义心理学反思和批判的基础上构建着各自的理论体系和研究视野，并对西方心理学产生了深刻的冲击和影响。本文综述了这三种取向的核心观点和基本特征，论证了它们对当代西方心理学研究的积极影响及存在的问题，主张反思的意义在于超越，不同取向的整合应基于宽容与对话。

A Review of Three New Approaches in Western Psychology

Postmodern psychology, positive psychology and evolutionary psychology are three new research approaches emerged in western psychology in recent year. All of the three research approaches based on criticizing modernism of western psychology, and try to rebuild psychological concept and system. This paper reviewed their essential viewpoints and main characteristics, and discussed their positive influences to western psychology and their own limitations. In the author's opinion, by criticizing modernism psychology, the purports of the three new res earch approaches are trying to search a way beyond confrontation and conflicts between the exogenic perspective and endogenic perspective, which have existed in modernism psychology after the establishment of Wundt's experimental psychology . But it is impossible to replace modernism psychology with any one of the three research approaches at least in the near future. Since each of them has its own limitations and shortcomings, the attitude of the tolerance, co-operation and dialogue are beneficial to the purpose of the integration of psychology.