4-8年级学生社交淡漠与同伴接纳的交叉滞后回归分析

摘要：用同伴提名和班级戏剧对小学4年级至初中二年级787名儿童进行一年的追踪研究，采用交叉滞后设计，考察了社交淡漠与同伴接纳的相互预测关系。结果发现：（1）同伴接纳与社交淡漠呈显著负相关；（2）社交淡漠在一年时间内呈现出高度的稳定性。测试时间与性别、年级的交互作用显著，在一年时间里，小学男生社交淡漠水平有所减少、女生社交淡漠水平有所增加，而初中男生社交淡漠水平有所增加、女生社交淡漠水平有所减少；（3）二元交叉滞后回归分析结果表明，社交淡漠与同伴接纳的关系模式存在显著的性别差异。对于男生，前测的社交淡漠可以显著预测后测的同伴接纳，而前测的同伴接纳不能显著预测后测的社交淡漠。女生则呈现完全相反的模式。

The Relation Between Social Disinterest and Peer Preference Among Grades 4-8 Students:a Cross-Lagged Analysis

Social withdrawal is a broad construct with meaningful concrete indexes featuring shyness,behavioral inhibition,isolation,rejection,social reticence,passivity and peer neglect.There are many subtypes under this big umbrella of social withdrawal.Social disinterest is a special subtype which refers to no particular interest in social interaction and expected to spend more time alone.People refrain from social interaction just because of absence of strong motivation to join in the group or strong motivation averse to peer activities.The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between social disinterest and peer preference through a one-year longitudinal study and to explore the possible causality through cross-lagged analysis.The data was collected in September 2009(Time 1) and May 2010(Time 2).The procedure was the same at the 2 times.787 students in grades 4~8 were investigated by peer nomination and Revised Class Play(RCP).The results indicated that(1) peer preference was negatively associated with social disinterest(r=-.43 at Time 1 and-.46 at Time 2,ps<.01);(2) both peer preference and social disinterest were highly stable within one year(r=.67 and.66 on peer preference and social disinterest,ps<.01).Repeated measure revealed that there was a significant three-way interaction among time,gender and grade(F(2,782)=4.77,p<.01).Within 1 year,boys’ level of social disinterest in primary school decreased while girls’ increased;boys’ level of social disinterest in junior high school increased while girls’decreased.(3) Cross-lagged analysis indicated that the relation between social disinterest and peer preference was reciprocal on the whole.But gender differences were also found.For boys,Time 1 social disinterest could predict Time 2 peer preference(β=-.14,p<.01) with Time1 peer preference coutrolled.However,Time 1 peer preference could not predict Time 2 social disinterest(β=-.03,p>.05) with Time 1 social disinterest coutrolled.For girls,an opposite pattern was found.Time 1 social disinterest could not predict Time 2 peer preference(β=.05,p>.05) but Time 1 peer preference could predict Time 2 social disinterest(β=-.23,p<.01) with Time 1 stability controlled.Therefore,the possible causality was different between boys and girls.The results may help us understand the developmental relation of children’s social disinterest and peer preference in Chinese culture.Some reasons for this gender-specific pattern were discussed.