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Norms for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in a Large Dutch Community Sample |
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| Authors: | Jeffrey Roelofs Gerard van Breukelen L. Esther de Graaf Aaron T. Beck Arnoud Arntz Marcus J. H. Huibers |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands 2. Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands 3. Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 5. Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Wassenaar, The Netherlands 6. Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is a widely used instrument that provides information about the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Although the BDI-II is a psychometrically sound instrument, relatively little is known about norm scores. This study aimed to develop reliable norms for the BDI-II in a Dutch community sample. Gender, age, and education were hypothesized to predict BDI-II scores. A total of 7,500 respondents from a community sample in The Netherlands completed the BDI-II. It was investigated by means of multiple regression analysis whether distinct norms for genders, education levels, and age group are appropriate. BDI-II scores depended on gender and education level, but not on age. BDI-II norms were computed based on the final regression model. These BDI-II norms can be used for diagnostic purposes, clinical decision making, or the evaluation of treatment effects. |
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