手机成瘾与抑郁：社交焦虑和负性情绪信息注意偏向的多重中介作用

为考察手机成瘾与抑郁的关系, 研究同时整合情绪和认知两方面因素, 探讨了社交焦虑和负性情绪信息注意偏向在手机成瘾和抑郁之间的多重中介作用。研究1共有545名大学生完成了大学生手机成瘾倾向量表、贝克抑郁量表和社会交往焦虑量表。研究2选取51名大学生采用问卷法和2(配对面孔表情的情绪类型: 负性、中性) × 2(探测点位置: 与负性情绪面孔表情同侧、与负性情绪面孔表情异侧)的被试内实验设计。结果表明: (1)手机成瘾、社交焦虑和抑郁两两间存在显著正相关, 且社交焦虑在手机成瘾和抑郁之间起完全中介作用; (2)社交焦虑和负性情绪信息注意偏向在手机成瘾与抑郁的关系中起链式中介作用, 而负性情绪信息注意偏向在手机成瘾与抑郁间的单独中介效应不显著。具体而言, 手机成瘾通过两条路径影响抑郁: 一是社交焦虑的单独中介作用; 二是社交焦虑→负性情绪信息注意偏向的链式中介作用。

Mobile phone addiction and depression:Multiple mediating effects of social anxiety and attentional bias to negative emotional information

Depression is an important and widely studied measure of individual psychological and social adaptation.Previous studies have explored the mechanism of depression from various perspectives and found that addiction is a significant risk factor for the development of depression.In recent years,with the rapid development of mobile Internet technology and smart phones,researchers have found that mobile phone addiction,as another important aspect of behavioral addiction,also has a potential impact on depression.Further studies have found that mobile–addicted individuals spend too much time and energy in the virtual world,thus leading to social anxiety.In addition,when social anxiety is so high that it affects the daily life of individuals,individuals are prone to suffer depressive symptoms.According to the cognitive behavioral model of social anxiety and emotional consistent effect,attentional bias to negative information is a key factor in maintaining the anxiety state among individuals with social anxiety.When an individual experiences social anxiety,they will pay more attention to negative information.Depression cognitive theory also posits that attentional bias to negative emotional information is closely related with the occurrence,development and maintenance of depression.Therefore,social anxiety and attentional bias to negative emotional information may be important factors in the effects of mobile phone addiction on depression.This study integrated emotional and cognitive factors and explored the effects of social anxiety and attentional bias to negative emotional information on the relationship between mobile phone addiction on depression through two studies.For study 1,a sample of 545 college students completed the Mobile Phone Addiction Index,Beck Depression Inventory and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale.For study 2,51 college students were selected to complete questionnaires and a 2(Emotional types of paired facial expressions:negative,neutral)×2(Detection point position:same as negative emotional face expression,different from negative emotional face expression)within-subjects task to investigate the serial mediating effects of social anxiety and attentional bias to negative emotional information on the relationship between mobile phone addiction and depression.All the data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 and Mplus 8.3.Some valuable results were obtained as follows.(1)There were significant positive correlations among mobile phone addiction,social anxiety and depression.Social anxiety fully mediated the effect of mobile phone addiction on depression.(2)Social anxiety and attentional bias to negative emotional information serially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and depression.However,attentional bias to negative emotional information did not significantly mediate the effect of mobile phone addiction on depression.Specifically,mobile phone addiction affects depression through two pathways:one is the separate mediating role of social anxiety;the other is the serial mediation pathway of social anxiety→attentional bias to negative emotional information.This study expands previous research on mobile phone addiction and individual psychological adaptation,enriches the field of addiction and depression research,and has significance regarding the reduction or control of the negative effects of addiction on depression.Additionally,this study also provides evidence for causal inference that social anxiety and attentional bias can alter depression levels,suggesting that attentional bias training is likely to be a promising alternative therapy for depression and providing new ideas for the intervention and treatment of clinical mental disorders.