γ节律神经振荡：反映自闭症多感觉整合失调的一项重要生物指标

多感觉整合是对不同感官信息进行选择、联系、统一乃至解释的加工过程, 它需要神经系统不同功能区域的共同投入与相互协调, 以实现多种感觉信息的时间捆绑以及全局性的预测编码。而γ神经振荡因具有反映神经皮层兴奋/抑制的平衡状况, 实现多感官信息的时间同步, 以及通过跨频耦合实现全局性预测编码的特点, 在多感觉整合的加工过程中发挥着重要作用。相比正常个体, 自闭症患者神经系统中的GABA中间神经元存在结构与功能异常, 导致γ神经振荡紊乱, 由此破坏了正常的时间同步以及预测编码加工, 并最终引发多感觉整合失调。基于上述因果关联, 未来研究可结合无创可逆性干预技术, 以γ节律神经振荡为生物反馈指标, 形成科学系统化的临床干预治疗方案。

Gamma oscillation:An important biomarker reflecting multisensory integration deficits in autism spectrum disorders

Multi-sensory integration(MSI)refers to a comprehensive process of selecting,connecting,unifying,and interpreting different sensory information.It involves coordination among various brain regions to achieve temporal binding of multiple sensory information and global predictive encoding.On the other hand,gamma oscillation plays vital roles in MSI,due to its versatile functions in reflecting excitation/inhibition balance of interneuron,implementing temporal binding of multi-sensory information,and participating in global predictive encoding via a cross-frequency coupling mechanism.Multisensory integration deficits are typical symptoms of patients with autism spectrum disorders(ASD).Research shows that patients with ASD usually exhibit abnormal gamma oscillations caused by structural and functional abnormalities in GABA interneurons.In turn,these abnormal gamma oscillations disrupt temporal binding and predictive encoding,and eventually lead to MSI deficits in ASD.As a result,future research could use gamma rhythm neural oscillation as a biofeedback indicator,in combination with non-invasive and reversible intervention technologies,to develop scientific and systematic clinical intervention treatments.