为集体或为个人情境下小学儿童对说谎或说真话的理解和道德评价

研究探讨了291名7、9、11岁小学儿童在为集体或为个人情境下对说谎或说真话的理解和道德评价。结果表明，集体观念已经对11岁儿童对说谎概念的理解产生显著影响，11岁儿童在为集体情境下更少将主人公的话判断为说谎；随着年龄的增长，小学儿童对个人真话的评价越来越消极，对集体谎的评价越来越积极；当诚实原则和集体观念发生冲突时，7岁儿童主要受到诚实原则的支配，9岁儿童集体观念与诚实原则几乎是并驾齐驱，11岁儿童主要受到集体观念的影响；随着年龄的增长，小学儿童更多地从诚实和为集体两个方面陈述评价的理由。

The Moral Understanding and Evaluation of Lying or Truth Telling of Primary School Children under the Circumstances of Individual Benefit or Collective Benefit

This research investigated 291 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old children's understanding and moral evaluation of lying and truth-telling in the context of benefiting a group or an individual. The results showed that the idea of collectivism affected 11-year-olds's conceptual understanding. They were less likely to judge lying to benefit a group as lying. As age increased, primary school children's evaluation of truth-telling to benefit an individual became more and more negative and lying to benefit a group more and more positive. When the principle of honesty conflicted with the principle of collectivism, 7-year-olds were more guided by the honesty principle,Nine-year-olds were guided by both, and 11-year-olds were mainly influenced by the collectivism principle. Also, with age, children increasingly used honesty and collectivism to justify their evaluations.