Asymmetrical switch costs in children |
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| Institution: | 1. Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;2. Aston University, United Kingdom;3. University College London, United Kingdom;1. School of Life and Health Sciences, Psychology, Aston University, UK;2. School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, UK;1. University of Southern California, United States;2. Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, United States;1. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;2. Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain;3. Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA;4. Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Switching between tasks produces decreases in performance as compared to repeating the same task. Asymmetrical switch costs occur when switching between two tasks of unequal difficulty. This asymmetry occurs because the cost is greater when switching to the less difficult task than when switching to the more difficult task. Various theories about the origins of these asymmetrical switch costs have emerged from numerous and detailed experiments with adults. There is no documented evidence of asymmetrical switch costs in children. We conducted a series of studies that examined age-related changes in asymmetrical switch costs, within the same paradigm. Similarities in the patterns of asymmetrical switch costs between children and adults suggested that theoretical explanations of the cognitive mechanisms driving asymmetrical switch costs in adults could be applied to children. Age-related differences indicate that these theoretical explanations need to incorporate the relative contributions and interactions of developmental processes and task mastery. |
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