铬元素对糖脂代谢的影响

铬是人体的一种必需微量元素，大量体内研究证实三价铬与机体血糖的调节密切相关，许多体外研究表明糖尿病患者的铬含量发生了变化，作为葡萄糖耐量因子一部分，其缺乏与糖尿病发病及糖尿病并发症的发生有密切的关系，但作用机制尚未完全明确。研究表明，三价铬离子复合物除了可与胰岛素受体直接结合起作用外，还可以通过激活AMPK激酶来降低细胞膜胆固醇含量，改善细胞骨架功能，促进葡萄糖吸收。本文就三价铬的作用及其对糖脂代谢的影响做一阐述。此外，大量实验表明三价铬无论在体内、体外实验中均没有显示出基因毒性。

The Effects of Chromiun on the Metabolism of the Glucose and Lipid

As an essential trace element in the human body, trivalent Chromium is required in hypoglycemic effect of insulin; Many studies reveals that in diabetic patiented chromium changed in vivo. Chromium deficiency is associated with diabetes and diabetic complications closely while the chromium supplement can improve the symptoms of patients with diabetes, but the mechanism is not clear. Binding to insulin receptor, Cr^3＋ carried out its function and decreased cholesterol concentration in plasma membrane by activating AMPK and thus improve the function of cyto-skeleton to facilitate GLUT4 translocation. This review focuses on the trivalent chromium as well as its relationship with Glucose and Lipid metabolism. Many experiments show that Cr^3＋ was found to be without genotoxic effects, both in vivo and in vitro.