Prior experience can influence whether the whole is different from the sum of its parts |
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| Institution: | 1. Psychiatry Department of Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey;2. Pediatric Emergency Department of Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey;3. Psychiatry Department of Uzunköprü State Hospital, Edirne, Turkey;4. Neurology Department of Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey;1. Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo No. 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44130, Mexico;2. Facultad de Ciencias para el Desarrollo Humano, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carretera Federal Puebla-Tlaxcala km 1.5, Col. La Loma Xicoténcatl, Tlaxcala de Xicoténcatl, Tlaxcala, 90070, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | In two conditioning experiments with humans, we found that participants’ prior experience exerted considerable influence on later learning of configural discrimination problems. Prior experience was manipulated by pre-training participants before the main acquisition stage. They either received a discrimination problem that encouraged an elemental solution (A+, B−, AB+, CD− in Experiment 1 and A+, AB+, C−, CB− in Experiment 2) or one that required a configural solution (AB+, BC−, CD+, DA− in Experiment 1 and A−, AB+, C+, CB− in Experiment 2). Then, all participants were shown a discrimination that required a configural solution (E+, F+, EF− in Experiment 1 and DE+, EF−, FG+, GD− in Experiment 2). In both experiments, participants who had received elemental pre-training were impaired on the later configural problem compared to participants who had received configural pre-training. The results suggest that organisms can flexibly process stimuli elementally or configurally. |
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