工作记忆对类比推理的影响

该实验采用2(类比推理类型)×6(组别)双因素实验设计来探讨工作记忆与类比推理之间的关系,尤其关注工作记忆的各个子成分对类比推理的影响。控制组的被试只需完成类比推理测验,而实验组的被试是在双任务的条件下进行实验。结果表明,工作记忆是影响类比推理的一个重要因素。在图形类比推理中,主要有视空间模板中的空间成分,语音回路中的发音成分以及中央执行器的参与;在言语类比推理中,则是视空间模板中的空间成分起主要作用。

The Effect of Working Memory on Analogical Reasoning

This study investigated the roles of working memory in analogical reasoning. According to dual tasks paradigm, 120 subjects were divided into six groups (control, tapping, unattended pictures, articulatory suppression, unattended speech, and random interval repetition groups) randomly, and all of them performed two types of analogical reasoning (figural and verbal analogical reasoning). The control group was asked to complete analogical reasoning only, and the other five groups (the experimental ones) were required to perform analogical reasoning tests (the primary task) while performing the secondary task (i.e. tapping, unattended pictures, articulatory suppression, unattended speech, or random interval repetition). The secondary task was used to interfere with the subcomponents of working memory. It was indicated that the visuospatial sketchpad, phonological loop, and the central executive were involved in figural analogies, whereas visuospatial sketchpad had main effect on verbal analogies.