论德性与独立的实践推理者

德性对于人的兴盛是必不可少的。没有道德德性，我们就不能实现从动物性理智到实践推理的转变，其次不能继续有推理的实践；如果不发展某种程度的德性，我们就不能适当地关怀和教育他人。所以，德性必须首先获得，然后才能维持在推理的实践之中。最后，我们在成为实践推理之后，我们仍然需要他人的维护，这种需要同时也是一种对德性的需要。

On Virtue and Independent Practical Reasoner

Virtues are indispensable to human flourishing, without developing some range of intellectual and moral virtues we can not achieve the transform from animal reason to practical reason, and then achieve and continue in the exercise of practical reasoning, finally, we can not adequately care for and educate others. Therefore, virtue first achieve and then live in the exercise of practical reasoning. What is more, after we become one independent practical reasoner, we still need the protection from others which is one kind of need for viture.