小学儿童入学准备的类型及其与学校适应关系的研究

对北京市389名儿童入学准备的类型进行研究,探讨不同入学准备类型儿童的特点,并通过追踪数据考察儿童入学准备类型对其一学期后学校适应的影响。结果表明:(1)入学准备可以分为入学准备良好、身体健康和动作技能准备不足、身体健康和动作技能突出/其他领域准备不足和入学准备综合不足四种类型;(2)女生入学准备良好型的比例显著高于男生,而身体健康和动作技能准备不足型、入学准备综合不足型的比例显著低于男生;(3)城区儿童入学准备良好型的比例显著高于郊区,而入学准备综合不足型的比例显著低于郊区;(4)入学准备良好型儿童的学校适应好于身体健康和动作技能准备不足型和入学准备综合不足型,入学准备综合不足型的学校适应最差。

Types of School Readiness of Elementary School Children and Their Influence on School Adjustment

389 children have been investigated for their school readiness with two-steps cluster analysis and the differences of school readiness in age,gender and areas,as well as how these profiles predict later school adjustment.It was found as follows:(1) Two-steps cluster analysis revealed four profiles: comprehensive positive development,physical well-being and motor development risk,physical well-being and motor development strengths and other areas risk,school readiness risk.(2) It’s significantly that more girls were the comprehensive positive development type than boys,on the contray,more boys were the physical well-being and motor development risk,as well as school readiness risk profiles.(3) There were more children in urban areas were the comprehensive positive development type than children in suburban areas.The results were contrary in other profiles.(4) The type of comprehensive positive development had higher scores in school adjustment compared with physical well-being and motor development risk and school readiness risk.The profile of school readiness risk performed the worst in school adjustment.