Auditory spatial concepts in blind football experts |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Neurocognition and Action Research Group, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, and CITEC – Center of Excellence in Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld University, Germany;2. Grupo de estudos em desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem Motora, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil;3. Ambient Intelligence Group, CITEC – Center of Excellence in Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld University, Germany;1. Center for Hip & Knee Replacement, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York;2. Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York;1. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Children''s Hospital, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75 015 Paris, France;2. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Robert Debré Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75 019 Paris, France;1. Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia;2. Tennis Australia, Melbourne, Australia;3. Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia;4. Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;5. Te Oranga School of Human Development and Movement Studies, University of Waikato, New Zealand;1. Department of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Australia;2. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Department of Physical Education, University of Memphis, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesWe compared the spatial concepts given to sounds' directions by blind football players with both blind non-athletes and sighted individuals.MethodParticipants verbally described the directions of sounds around them by using predefined spatial concept labels, under two blocked conditions: 1) facing front, 2) pointing with the hand towards the stimulus.ResultsBlind football players categorized the directions more precisely (i.e., they used simple labels for describing the cardinal directions and combined labels for the intermediate ones) than the other groups, and their categorization was less sensitive to the response conditions than blind non-athletes. Sighted participants' categorization was similar to previous studies, in which the front and back regions were generally more precisely described than the sides, where simple labels were often used for describing directions around the absolute left and right.ConclusionsThe differences in conceptual categorization of sound directions are a) in sighted individuals, influenced by the representation of the visual space b) in blind individuals, influenced by the level of expertise in action and locomotion based on non-visual information, which can be increased by auditive stimulation provided by blind football training. |
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| Keywords: | Blind football Blind Auditory space Spatial cognition Spatial concepts |
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