Aging holocaust survivors' well-being and adjustment: associations with ambivalence over emotional expression

A sample of 90 older respondents (age range: 78-83 years) composed of 2 Holocaust groups (camp inmates and other survivors) and a comparison group completed questionnaires measuring ambivalence over emotional expression, positive and negative affect, and psychosocial adjustment. The Holocaust groups rated higher than the comparison group on negative affect and ambivalence over emotional expression and lower on psychosocial adjustment. Ambivalence over emotional expression mediated the effects of the Holocaust on negative affect. These data suggest that the effects of the Holocaust are evident 60 years later, highlighting the role of ambivalence over emotional expression in the well-being of Holocaust survivors.