朋友的学业成就会影响我的学业成就吗？——成对友谊关系中成就目标取向的中介作用

尽管朋友是影响青少年学业成就的重要因素，但对于朋友之间双向影响的方式和途径尚缺乏研究。本研究采用同伴提名和自我报告问卷收集了8年级青少年在两个学期末的数据，获得在一个学期中稳定的同性别朋友对216对；使用主客体互倚性模型，探究朋友之间学业成就的影响效应，以及成就目标取向在朋友相互影响间的中介作用以及性别差异。结果发现：（1）青少年朋友之间在学业成就上的相似性既源于选择效应，也源于影响效应；（2）掌握目标取向不仅在个体自身当前和后续学业成就的关系中发挥中介作用，而且朋友一方的学业成就还能通过自身或对方的掌握目标取向影响对方或自己后续的学业成就，男生的中介路径多于女生；（3）对于男生而言，表现-接近目标取向在个体当下学业成就和自己后续学业成就的关系中发挥负向中介作用，但对朋友后续的学业成就有积极影响。研究结果支持了成对友谊关系是青少年学业发展的重要情境之一，并突显了成就目标取向在朋友之间学业成就相互影响中的关键作用和性别差异模式。

Does My Friend's Academic Achievement Affect Mine? The Influence Effect in Friend Dyads and the Mediation Effect of Achievement Goal Orientation

Although friend is an important factor affecting the academic achievement of teenagers, there is still a lack of research on the two-way influence between friends. In this study, peer nomination and self-report questionnaire were used to collect data of eighth grade teenagers at the end of two semesters, and 216 pairs of same-gender friends whose friendships were stable in one semester were obtained. Using Actor-Partner-Independence-Model, the influence effect of academic achievement between two good friends were explored, and the mediation effect of achievement goal orientation on the above mentioned influence effect as well as the gender differences were examined. The results showed that:(1) Similarities of academic achievement between two teenagers in a pair of friends were due to both selection effect and influence effect. (2) Mastery goal orientation played a mediation role in the relationship between the individual's current and subsequent academic achievements, and the academic achievement of friend could affect future academic achievement of him/herself or the other party through the mastery goal orientations of the other parth of him/herself. Male students had more mediation paths than female students. (3) For male students, performance-approach goal orientation negatively mediated an individual's current academic achievement and his subsequent academic achievement, but had a positive impact on his friend's subsequent academic achievement. These results support the statement that friendship between two individuals is one of the most important situations in the academic development of adolescents and highlight the key role of achievement goal orientation in the interaction between friends' academic achievements and the gender difference model.