比较研究-影响中美儿童计算能力差异的认知因素

本研究要确定中美儿童基本计算技能的差异是否与他们使用的解题策略和基本加工过程的速度有关。为此,对中美两国的一年级儿童进行了书面计算能力测验,以及一组计算机呈现的加法作业。中国儿童在计算能力测验上表现出3:1的操作优势。中美儿童使用的解题策略种类一样,但是,中国儿童在策略综合运用的发展程度上超过美国儿童,检索策略的加工速度也超过美国儿童。显然,策略运用和加工速度的差异促成了中国儿童在计算能力测验上的优势.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE COGNITIVE FACTORS AFFECTING CHINESE AND AMERICAN CHILDREN'S NUMERICAL SKILL

This study was designed to determinewhether the advantage of Chinese childrenover American children in basic numericalskills was related to differences in the strate-gies used to solve simple arithmatic problemsor to the speed of executing the underlyingprocesses.To achieve this goal,firstgradechildren from China and the UnitedStates were asked to take a pencil-and-papernumerical ability test and solve a series ofcomputer-presented addition problems.TheChinese children showed a 3 to 1 performanceadvantage on the ability measure.Both theChinese and American children used the sametypes of strategies to solve the problems,but the Chinese children were well ahead oftheir American counterparts in terms of thedevelopmental maturity of the strategy mix.The strategic and speed-of-processing dif-ferences obviously contributed to the advan-tage of the Chinese children on the abilitymeasure.