文章标记效应的初步实验研究

探讨文章阅读过程中文章宏观标记与微观标记对文章不同类型信息保持的影响．包括两个实验。结果表明，文章宏观标记对文章主题信息的保持有显著的促进效应，而且，这种促进效应可以扩散到从属信息的保持上；文章微观标记对文章主题信息的保持无明显的促进效应，对被标记的文章具体信息的保持则有显著的促进效应。但不存在扩散效应。本研究结果初步表明，读者利用文章宏观标记建构文章主题的表征，并且以一种自上而下的方式指导文章信息的回忆；通过利用文章微观标记建构文章具体信息的表征，指导具体信息的回忆。

A Prelimilary Study of the Effects of Text Signals

The research studied the effects of text macro-signals and micro-signals on the retention of different types of text information in discourse reading. Two experiments were included. The facilitating effect of text macro-signals was explored in Experiment 1. The results indicated that there was significant facilitating effect of macro-signals on the retention of text topic information, and that it could spread over to the retention of subordinate information. The effect of micro-signals were examined in Experiment 2. The results showed that there was significant facilitating effect of micro-signals on the retention of detailed text information, but there was no significant spreading over effect. The results implied that the readers constructed the representation of text topics with the aid of text macro-signals and searched it top-down in recall, and that they constructed the representation of detailed information by text micro-signals.