5～10岁儿童策略优越性及策略选择的个体差异的研究

本研究选取5～10岁的儿童被试144名，使用不同的加法问题测查策略的优越性以及儿童策略选择的个体差异。结果发现：1、在解决加法问题中，各种策略使用率存在显著差异。五岁到七岁儿童计算简单加法问题时使用提取策略，从大数开始数策略和凑十策略的反应时和正确率优于其它策略。2、五岁到六岁儿童使用策略的反应时个体差异不显著，但优生和中等生使用的策略种类明显比差生多；七岁到十岁儿童的策略选择个体差异也不显著，但优生使用提取策略和凑十策略的反应时明显要低于差生。

Five-to-ten Year-Old Individual Differences in Strategy Superiority and Strategy Choices

The participants in this research were 144 5-10 year-old children. We usd different addition problems to examine strategy superiority and individual difference in strategy choice. The results are as follows: 1. in solving the addition problems, the rate of using various kinds of strategies were remarkably different. 5-7 year-old children used retrieval strategy in solving simple addition problems. Their strategy of counting from the larger number and their rounding strategy were faster than other strategies. When 5-6 year-old children used a strategy, there was no difference in reaction time, but the top and mediocre students used more strategies to solve problems. For 7-10 year-old children, there was no significant difference in their strategy choice, but the tops used retrieval and rounding strategy faster than the poor students.