情绪调节方式及其发展趋势

本研究探讨了四个年龄阶段12种具体情绪感受频率和四种情绪调节方式(评价忽视、表情抑制、评价重视、表情宣泄)使用频率及其发展趋势.334名初中、高中、大学本科、成年被试填写了本研究的具体情绪量表(DES-IV)和情绪调节方式问卷.结果表明(1)四个年龄阶段在12种具体情绪感受频率的顺序上基本一致,快乐和兴趣较多,内疚和羞愧较多.(2)正情绪调节以重视和宣泄为主,负情绪以忽视和抑制为主.原因调节多于反应调节.(3)成年之后,惊奇、羞愧、厌恶、悲伤、内疚有下降的发展趋势,负情绪的忽视和抑制、正情绪抑制也有增强的发展趋势.(4)情绪和情绪调节存在着一定的性别差异.本文对社会文化因素在发展趋势和性别差异中的可能影响进行了初步讨论.

Emotion Regulation and Its Development Trend

discrete emotions and 4 basic methods of emotion regulation (reappraisal, suppression, rumination and revealing) and their development had been investigated in this study. 334 participants were divided into four groups, middle school group, high school group, college student group and adult group. Subjects were asked to fill in the scale of Discrete Emotions Scale and Basic Ways of Emotion Regulation. The results show that: 1) for all subjects, the experience of 12 discrete emotions took the same order. The most experienced emotions were joy, interest, shame, guilt, disgust, and fear. 2) Rumination and revealing were main regulations of positive emotions, while reappraisal and negligence were main regulations of negative emotions. Antecedent\|focused regulation was used more frequently than responded\|focused regulation. 3) With the increase of age,experiences of surprise, shame, disgust, sad, and guilt decreased, while reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion regulation and suppression of positive emotion increased. 4) There were gender differences in emotion experience and emotion regulation. Besides, social and cultural influences on the development of emotion and gender difference of emotion experience were also discussed.