危及生命的慢性疾病应对中的积极心理效应:证据、质疑与建议

危及生命的慢性疾病指病程长、治愈难、治疗周期长、严重情况下会危及生命且严重影响患者及其家属正常生活的疾病.研究发现,乐观、抗争勇气、心理一致感、受益发现和创伤后成长等积极心理因素在危及生命的慢性疾病应对过程中能产生积极效果,并证实积极心理通过生物加工、行为加工、社会加工三条路径促进患者对疾病的应对.对疾病态度或感知进行干预以及直接诱发积极心理等干预方法能对疾病康复产生良好的效果.对该领域研究的质疑主要包括研究方法的科学性以及积极心理和疾病应对间因果关系的明确程度两个方面.针对质疑,未来研究应以实验法为主导并结合其它方法,进一步探讨积极心理与疾病应对和康复之间的因果关系.

Positive Effect of Positive Psychological Factors to the coping of Chronic Life-threatening Illnesses:Evidence,Controversies and Suggestion

Chronic life-threatening illnesses which are difficult to cure and have longer duration would endanger the life in severe cases and seriously affect the lives of patients and their families. It is well documented that some positive psychological factors, such as benefit finding, post-traumatic growth, sense of coherence, fighting spirit and optimism, had positive effects on treatment of disease through biological, behavioral and social process. The methods of positive psychological intervention including intervention to the attitude or perception of disease and inducing positive psychological factors had positive effect on disease coping. There were two main controversies, one was the scientificity of the methods and the other was the clarity of casual relationship between positive psychological factors and disease coping. According to controversies, further work needs to be done to establish the causal relationship between positive psychological factors and the coping and rehabilitation of diseases by relying mainly on the experimental method and combining with other methods.