教师关于儿童入学准备的观念

入学准备是指学龄前儿童为了能够从即将开始的正规学校教育中受益所需要具备的各种关键特征或基础条件.入学准备研究对于存在潜在发展风险之儿童的早期识别和及时干预具有重要价值.为了了解中国儿童入学准备应包含哪些方面,对76名幼儿园大班教师和65名小学一年级教师进行了半结构式访谈,结果发现:(1)中国儿童的入学准备可以归纳为26个项目;(2)“社会性与情绪发展”和“学习方式”领域的入学准备和适应问题被教师提及的次数较多,“认知发展与一般知识”、“言语发展”领域被提及较少,“身体健康和运动发展”领域被提及最少;(3)幼儿园教师和小学一年级教师对于入学准备所涉内容的看法比较接近;(4)小学一年级教师认为自理能力、学习技能和同伴交往等方面是当前幼儿园教育的薄弱环节.最后,结合访谈结果及NEGP模型对中国儿童入学准备研究的未来方向提出了建议.

Teacher's Concept on Children's Preparation for School-attending

Preparation for School-attending is key features needed by children to benefit from the incoming formal education.Results means(1) five-domain model of NEGP could be used in describing Chinese children's school readiness,but some differences still exist and need to be paid attention to;(2)among the problems of five-domain of NEGP,the teachers attach the greatest importance to the domain of "social and emotional development" and "approaches toward learning",less importance to the domain of "cognition and general knowledge " and "language development" while the domain of "physical well-being and motor development " shares the least emphasis;(3)the perception of kindergarten teachers is similar to that of elementary teachers;(4)according to elementary teachers' opinion,children's self-help skills,learning skills and peer interaction skills are not as good as being expected.At last,the application of NEGP model in China and suggestions about future researches were discussed.