现实预期和意愿预期在文本阅读中的激活强度

文本阅读中,读者往往对事件的后续发展进行预期推理。预期推理有两种倾向,要么是倾向于根据客观现实条件进行的现实预期,要么是倾向于根据主观个人意愿进行的意愿预期。两个实验探讨了文本阅读中读者产生的现实预期和意愿预期的激活强度。结果发现,现实预期和意愿预期都可以在阅读中即时产生,意愿预期强于现实预期;把读者分为"情感导向型"和"非情感导向型",发现"情感导向型"的读者,阅读过程中产生的意愿预期强于现实预期,而"非情感导向型"的读者则不是。

Readers' Reality-predictive and Preference-predictive Inferences in Narrative Comprehension

When readers experience narratives,their expectations about the likelihood of narrative events are informed by two types of propensity.Reality-predictive inferences incorporate real-world constraints involving,for example,time and space and so on;preference-predictive inferences incorporate concerns about outcomes that emerge from the plot.The goal of this article was to explore the role of these two types of inferences in narrative comprehension.Participants read stories in which the scenario provided a biasing context and a preference statement.The experiments assessed participants' reading times for statement describing the state of events following different scenarios.Experiment 1 demonstrated that readers could immediately encode both reality-predictive and preference-predictive inferences in text reading.In Experiment 2,readers were grouped according to their scores of EPQ.Results showed that for the "affectivity oriented" readers the activation of preference-predictive inference were stronger than that of reality-predictive inference and vice versa for the "non-affectivity oriented" readers.