莫扎特音乐对幼儿时空推理能力影响的研究

音乐对幼儿身心发展起重要的促进作用.利用实验法探讨莫扎特“D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲”(K.448)对幼儿时空推理能力的影响,并试图探究“莫扎特效应”产生的机制.采用相同唤醒度和情绪效价但不同结构化和周期性的三首音乐为刺激,共342名大班幼儿参与实验.结果显示:高度结构化、长时程周期性的莫扎特音乐K.448显著提高了女童时空推理能力,而在男童未发现此效应;而不具备高度结构化与周期性的科普兰“猫和老鼠”类似无声静息,对幼儿时空推理能力无显著影响.综上,产生“莫扎特效应”,音乐需具备长时程周期性和高度结构化特点,支持“直接启动说”理论.

The Effect of Mozart Music on Child Spatio-Temporal Reasoning Ability

Music has an important promoting effect on children's physical and mental development. This research used experimental method to study influence of Mozart music on preschoolers' spatio-temporal reasoning ability and tried to explore the mechanism of "Mozart effect". 342 5-6-year-old children participated in this study. This study used four types of music conditions: Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major (K.448), Bach's Toccata in G major, Aaron Copland's The Cat and the Mouse and a silent control condition. The three types of music have the same kind of arousal and mood. Mozart music is highly structured and has long-lasting periodicity. Bach's music is highly structured and has short-lasting periodicity. The Cat and the Mouse is unstructured and has no periodicity. The results showed that Mozart music significantly improved girls' ability of spatio-temporal reasoning for a moment, while this effect was not found in boys. The Cat and the Mouse and the silence were similar, and both had no significant effect on the preschoolers’ability of spatio-temporal reasoning. In summary, the generation of "Mozart Effect" is based on the characteristics of Mozart music, which is highly structured and has long-lasting periodicity. The research provided experimental evidence for the "direct triggering theory".