中国内地大学生时间管理倾向的时代变迁：1999~2020

根据社会生态系统理论, 历时系统和宏观系统可能对个体时间管理倾向的发展具有重要意义, 但间接证据表明我国大学生时间管理倾向的发展趋势不明朗, 且相关研究缺乏从社会宏观视角的切入。基于此局限, 运用横断历史元分析的方法对1999到2020年间采用青少年时间管理倾向量表(ATMDI)的215篇文献进行分析(N = 103876)。结果发现：(1)我国大学生时间管理倾向水平总体呈缓慢下降趋势, 其中时间价值感保持稳定, 时间监控观和时间效能感呈下降趋势; (2)来自社会经济因素(GDP、居民消费水平、城镇化率)、就业因素(城镇登记失业率、普通高校毕业生人数)和网络因素(互联网普及率、网民每周互联网使用时长)的7项社会指标能显著预测大学生时间管理倾向的下降; (3)我国大学生时间管理倾向在性别和高校所在地上的差异不显著。研究结果为我国大学生时间管理倾向的时代变迁提供了证据支持, 从社会宏观因素的视角扩宽了大学生时间管理倾向的影响机制模型。

Cross-temporal changes of college students' time management disposition in the mainland of China during 1999~2020

In an era with surging time pressure, time management disposition is playing an increasingly important role in the psychological and social adaptation of college students experiencing psychological moratorium. Time management disposition refers to individuals' psychological and behavioral patterns of time arrangement when dealing with the functions and values of time. It covers three dimensions, namely sense of time value, sense of time control and sense of time efficacy. The socio-ecological modle highlighted the important role of diachronic systems and macro systems in the mental health of the yonth. But indirect evidence suggested that there was no clear trend in the time management disposition of Chinese college students. The enhancement of skills related to time management may help boost time management disposition while increasing interference and time pressure may weaken the time management skills. Moreover, existing research focued on the impact of individual factors and micro systems on the time management disposition of college students. No research from the macro-perspectives has been made.