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发展性阅读障碍视听时间整合缺陷可能的机制:视听时间再校准能力受损
引用本文:王润洲,毕鸿燕.发展性阅读障碍视听时间整合缺陷可能的机制:视听时间再校准能力受损[J].心理科学进展,2022,30(12):2764-2776.
作者姓名:王润洲  毕鸿燕
作者单位:中国科学院行为科学重点实验室中国科学院心理研究所脑科学与学习困难研究中心, 北京 100101中国科学院大学心理系, 北京 100049
基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(31671155);中国科学院行为科学重点实验室经费资助(Y5CX052003)
摘    要:发展性阅读障碍的本质一直是研究者争论的焦点。大量研究发现, 阅读障碍者具有视听时间整合缺陷。然而, 这些研究仅考察了阅读障碍者视听时间整合加工的整体表现, 也就是平均水平的表现, 却对整合加工的变化过程缺乏探讨。视听时间再校准反映了视听时间整合的动态加工过程, 对内部时间表征与感觉输入之间差异的再校准困难则会导致多感觉整合受损, 而阅读障碍者的再校准相关能力存在缺陷。因此, 视听时间再校准能力受损可能是发展性阅读障碍视听时间整合缺陷的根本原因。未来的研究需要进一步考察发展性阅读障碍者视听时间再校准能力的具体表现, 以及这些表现背后的认知神经机制。

关 键 词:发展性阅读障碍  视听时间整合  视听时间再校准  动态加工  Bayesian理论  
收稿时间:2022-01-26

A possible mechanism for the audiovisual temporal integration deficits in developmental dyslexia: Impaired ability in audiovisual temporal recalibration
WANG Runzhou,BI Hongyan.A possible mechanism for the audiovisual temporal integration deficits in developmental dyslexia: Impaired ability in audiovisual temporal recalibration[J].Advances In Psychological Science,2022,30(12):2764-2776.
Authors:WANG Runzhou  BI Hongyan
Institution:CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral ScienceCenter for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract:Developmental dyslexia is a neurological disorder characterized by a specific deficit in reading, despite adequate intelligence and socioeconomic opportunity. The nature of deficits of developmental dyslexia has been under debate for a long time. A large number of studies have revealed that dyslexics suffer from impaired audiovisual temporal integration. Behavioral studies have found that developmental dyslexics have an abnormally wide audiovisual temporal binding window, making it difficult for them to separate temporally asynchronous stimuli. At the neural level, dyslexics showed no significant difference between mismatched negative (MMN) waves evoked by audiovisual asynchronous stimuli and those evoked by audio-visual synchronous or unimodal stimuli. Such audiovisual temporal integration deficits in developmental dyslexia are consistent across language, age and stimulus types. However, previous studies generally used the mean of all test results under different experimental conditions as the dependent variable, which only reflected the overall (i.e., average level) performance of audiovisual temporal integration processing and neglected to explore its dynamic process over time. Therefore, the audiovisual temporal integration deficits in developmental dyslexia are not fully exposed. The study of audiovisual temporal recalibration may make up for this deficiency. Temporal recalibration reflects the dynamic process of individuals adapting to different asynchronous times, that is, to re-establish stable prior knowledge of temporal relationships, which affects subsequent multisensory integration. Previous studies have shown that difficulties in recalibrating differences between internal temporal representations and sensory inputs can lead to impaired multisensory integration. Bayesian-based priori attenuation theory suggests that attenuated prior knowledge makes individuals without sufficient sensory reference to compare current inputs, thus increasing the difficult to recalibrate differences between internal representations and sensory inputs, resulting in impaired multisensory integration processing. Behavioral studies have found that developmental dyslexics have phonological recalibration deficits and they are unable to integrate audiovisual temporal information across sensory modals in accordance with optimal Bayesian statistical principles. At the neural level, developmental dyslexics have weaker neural adaptations than normal readers. The ability to adapt to temporal asynchrony requires temporal recalibrations. Furthermore, behind the normal overall performance of audiovisual temporal integration, there will also be rapid audiovisual temporal recalibration deficits that represent an abnormal integration process. Thus, impaired audiovisual temporal recalibration may underlie audiovisual temporal integration deficits in developmental dyslexia.At present, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have directly explored the audiovisual temporal recalibration ability in developmental dyslexics. Future research can be carried out in the following areas: 1) The performance of audiovisual temporal recalibration ability of developmental dyslexia at different time scales; 2) The changes of audiovisual temporal integration window and audiovisual temporal recalibration effect over time in individuals with developmental dyslexia; 3) The neural basis of the audiovisual temporal recalibration deficits in developmental dyslexia; and 4) The correlations between audiovisual temporal recalibration ability and reading in developmental dyslexia; 5) The causal relationship between developmental dyslexia and audiovisual temporal recalibration deficits.
Keywords:developmental dyslexia  audiovisual temporal integration  audiovisual temporal recalibration  dynamic processing  Bayesian theory  
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