午睡剥夺对科学发明问题解决中的原型启发效应的影响

选取生态效度较高的科学发明问题材料(分为高启发量与低启发量两类),采用"1对1"和"8对8"的"学习-测试"实验范式,考察午睡剥夺对科学发明问题解决中的原型启发效应的影响。结果发现:午睡剥夺处理、范式("1对1"和"8对8")和材料启发量高低在原型激活率和问题解决率上主效应均显著,午睡剥夺和范式以及启发量高低在问题解决率以及原型激活率上的交互作用不显著。这一结果说明,午睡剥夺影响科学发明问题解决中的原型启发效应,这种影响是通过对启发信息应用和原型激活两个加工过程的影响而实现的。

The Influence of Nap Deprivation on Prototype Elicitation Effect in Scientific Innovation Problem Solving

The present study was designed to explore the nap-deprivation effect on the process of prototype heuristic in scientific innovation problem solving. 32 scientific innovation problem were selected from the real world and divided into high-heuristic effect (HHE) problem and low-heuristic effect (LHE) problem. The learning-test paradigm was used. Specifically, we used “1 to 1” and “8 to 8” paradigm, that is, learn 1 heuristic prototype and then solve 1 scientific problem or learn 8 heuristic prototypes and then solve 8 scientific problems. 36 subjects with nap habit were enrolled and distributed randomly into nap-deprivation group (NDG) or normal nap group (NNP). Dependent variables consisted of the rate of prototypal events activation and the rate of scientific problem solving. The results showed that: 1)the main effect of experimental paradigm, group and material were significant on the rate of prototypal events activation and the rate of scientific problem solving;2) any significant interactive effect was found. The results suggested that the nap-deprivation influenced the application process of heuristic information and the activation process of prototype events.