眼睛注视的知觉及其线索效应

对眼睛注视知觉、眼睛注视线索效应及其影响因素等相关研究进行了总结和分析。结果发现:(1)婴儿从一出生就对眼睛注视线索表现出强烈的敏感性,眼睛注视知觉对语言和社会等能力的发展有很大影响;(2)颞上沟是加工眼睛注视线索的特异神经结构,它与实时监控情绪和情感的杏仁核存在神经联结,成为社会认知神经系统的重要组成部分;(3)对眼睛注视线索的早期加工显示出特异的脑电活动模式;(4)眼睛注视线索效应与外周线索的反射式效应相类似,但持续时间较长;(5)眼睛注视线索效应不仅受面部结构信息的影响,也受自上而下加工等高水平认知因素的调节,并显示出明显的个体差异。对眼睛注视线索效应的进一步研究应涉及人格判断、喜好评价和心理理论等高级社会认知活动。

Eye Gaze Perception and Gaze Cueing Effect

The studies on gaze perception,gaze cueing effect and its determinants were reviewed.It was suggested:(1)A strikingly strong sensitivity to eye gaze is observed from birth,and eye gaze perception is key to the development of language capabilities and social cognition;(2)The neural basis of gaze perception is the superior temporal sulcus(STS),which is heavily connected with the amygdala implicated in processing emotion,and the STS is an important part of a wider network for social cognition neural systems;(3)Processing on early stage of eyes gaze cueing reveals specific event-related potential(ERP)component;(4)The eyes gaze cueing effect has been labeled reflexive and likened to orienting in response to peripheral cues,however,it lasts longer;(5)The gaze cueing effect is influenced by many different facets,from lower level configural aspects such as face orientation to higher level cognitive factors.Furthermore,the gaze cueing effect reveals significant sex difference in normal adult population.It was finally believed that further research should concern with higher social cognitive interactions such as personality judgments,affective appraisal,and theory of mind.