Binocular vision enhances a rapidly evolving affordance priming effect: Behavioural and TMS evidence |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Universita degli Studi di Udine, Italy;2. Department of Optometry and Visual Science, City University London, UK;3. Department of Psychology, City University London, UK;1. Neurocognition and Action Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany;2. Center of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld, Germany;3. Robotics Research Center, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;4. Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States;5. Health Equity Institute, 1600 Holloway Avenue, HSS 359, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States;1. IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy;2. Department of Neuroscience, University of Messina, Italy;1. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India;2. University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, OX1 3RH, United Kingdom;3. European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland;4. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;5. University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom;6. University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;7. Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;1. Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Canada;2. Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Canada;3. Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Canada;4. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Extensive research has suggested that simply viewing an object can automatically prime compatible actions for object manipulation, known as affordances. Here we explored the generation of covert motor plans afforded by real objects with precision (‘pinchable’) or whole-hand/power (‘graspable’) grip significance under different types of vision. In Experiment 1, participants viewed real object primes either monocularly or binocularly and responded to orthogonal auditory stimuli by making precision or power grips. Pinchable primes facilitated congruent precision grip responses relative to incongruent power grips, and vice versa for graspable primes, but only in the binocular vision condition. To examine the temporal evolution of the binocular affordance effect, participants in Experiment 2 always viewed the objects binocularly but made no responses, instead receiving a transcranial magnetic stimulation pulse over their primary motor cortex at three different times (150, 300, 450 ms) after prime onset. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from a pinching muscle were selectively increased when subjects were primed with a pinchable object, whereas MEPs from a muscle associated with power grips were increased when viewing graspable stimuli. This interaction was obtained both 300 and 450 ms (but not 150 ms) after the visual onset of the prime, characterising for the first time the rapid development of binocular grip-specific affordances predicted by functional accounts of the affordance effect. |
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| Keywords: | Affordances Binocular vision Action priming TMS MEPs |
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