错误记忆影响因素的实验研究

本研究采用DRM范式,考察了关联性、学习程度和时间间隔对错误记忆的影响,结果表明:(1)低学习程度和中学习程度下的再认错误率显著高于高学习程度下的再认错误率,说明错误记忆随着学习程度的增加而降低;(2)低关联程度下的再认错误率显著低于中关联程度和高关联程度下的再认错误率,说明关联性高低是引发错误记忆的重要变量;(3)时间间隔对错误再认率没有影响,说明错误记忆不具有时间上的衰退效应,一旦产生后极其顽固,不容易消退,可能更多地受无意识加工的影响。实验结果揭示了错误记忆与真实记忆之间存在着较为复杂的关系。真实记忆可能是错误记忆的根源,而二者的关系在不同影响因素条件下则既有共变又有分离。

A Study on the Factors Influencing False Memory

Using DRM paradigm, the present authors investigated some factors that influenced false memory. These factors were association, learning degree and interval. The results showed: (1)With increase of learning, false recognition of non-studied items was significantly diminished. (2)False recognition under the condition of lowest association was significantly lower than those of high association(critical lure)and medium association. The result implied that association was an important variable for false memory. (3)Different intervals had no influence on false recognition, which indicated that false memory did not attenuate with time. Maybe it was influenced by unconsciousness mostly. Overall, the false memory and true memory were either covariant or disassociated under different conditions. So relationship between false memory and true memory was complex. Perhaps true memory was the source of false memory.