拟人化:从“它”到“他”

拟人化是将人类特征、动机、意向或心理状态赋予非人对象的心理过程或者个体差异。拟人化的产生受到激发主体知识、效能动机和社会动机的影响,现有研究包括对自然、超自然、动物、机器、品牌和产品等的拟人化。对自然的拟人化能够促进环境保护行为,对动物、机器、品牌和产品的拟人化则形式多样、后果复杂。未来研究的焦点可能在人-机器人交互以及拟人化与可爱的关系问题上。

Anthropomorphism: Antecedents and consequences

Anthropomorphism refers to the psychological process or individual difference of imbuing nonhuman agents with humanlike characteristics,motivations,intentions,or mental states.Elicited agent knowledge,effectance motivation,and sociality motivation have been found as the three key determinants of anthropomorphism.Existing research mainly focused on anthropomorphism of nature,super-nature,animals,machines,brands,and products.Previous research found that,anthropomorphizing nature contributed to pro-environment behavior,while anthropomorphism of animals,machines,brands or products had diversified forms and ambiguous consequences.Future research might be mainly conducted in human-robot interaction area,as well as the relationship between anthropomorphism and cuteness.