公众时间回溯式记忆的特点

采用事后回溯设计，考察了大学生公众时间回溯式记忆的特点。研究选取1995到2001年之间发生可辨别的新闻事件14项，要求被试对新闻事件的时序、时点和时距进行回忆。结果表明：（1）公众事件回溯式时点记忆的正确率随时间的远近发生变化，较远的时间回忆正确率低，而较近的时间回忆正确率较高，存在近因效应。（2）公众事件的回溯式时距估计受真实时距的影响，短时距容易被高估，长时距容易被低估。（3）公众事件的回溯式时序回忆存在近因效应和首因效应，被试对发生较远的事件总是倾向于估计得更远，对发生较近的事件也倾向于估计得较近。而对两者中间的事件的顺序估计较为混乱。（4）本实验研究的公众事件回溯式时间记忆符合时间的重构理论和分段综合模型。

The Characteristics of the Retrospective Public Temporal Memory

This research selected 14 recognizable news events from 1995 to 2002, and told the subjects to recall temporal locus, temporal duration and temporal order of events. The results show that (1) The recalling accuracy of the retrospective temporal locus of public events will change with the remoteness and recentness of time. The recalling accuracy of remote time is low; however, that of recent time is high. (2) The retrospective temporal duration of public events is influenced by true duration, and the subjects usually overestimate short temporal duration while underestimating long temporal duration. (3) There are signal effects and primacy effects in the retrospective temporal order recalling, and the subjects tend to estimate that the time is remote if an event is remote, and that the time is recent if an event is recent; however, the event order in which they estimate between them is confusing. (6) The retrospective time memory of public events this experiment research found accords with the reconstructive theory and range-synthesis model of time.