Trauma Recovery in the Transgender and Gender Diverse Community: Extensions of the Minority Stress Model for Treatment Planning |
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Authors: | Jillian C Shipherd Danielle Berke Nicholas A Livingston |
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Institution: | Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Program, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC; National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System; and Boston University School of Medicine;Hunter College of the City University of New York and The Graduate Center of the City University of New York;Boston University School of Medicine and VA Boston Healthcare System |
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Abstract: | Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations, including those that do not identify with gender binary constructs (man or woman) are increasingly presenting for treatment of posttrauma sequelae. Providers who offer services for trauma survivors including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment should be knowledgeable about evidence-based care and have some cultural familiarity with TGD experiences. Indeed, the Minority Stress Model suggests that the combination of distal and proximal minority stressors can combine to produce increased mental health symptoms as compared with cisgender peers, though this model has yet to be fully tested. Clients often present with a complicated picture of experiences, which include a variety of minority stressors, microaggressions, discrimination, and traumatic events that can all be related to their identity. However, conceptualizations of trauma treatment in the context of extensive minority stress are lacking. This paper summarizes the existing literature and offers guidance to mental health providers who are well positioned to address stigma, discrimination, violence, and related symptoms that arise from micro-, mezzo- and macro-level spheres of TGD individuals’ experience. |
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Keywords: | Address correspondence to Jillian C Shipherd Ph D VA Boston Healthcare System National Center for PTSD Women’s Health Sciences Division (116B3) 150 South Huntington Ave Boston MA 02130 transgender trauma minority stress treatment cultural competence |
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