儿童基于不同线索的所有权判断及其文化差异

对所有权的认知依赖于不同的线索。儿童很早就能通过不同的线索判断所有权。3岁幼儿能够基于先占、劳动、证言、许可控制、刻板印象等线索判断所有权。社会经济和文化因素会影响幼儿对所有权线索的利用, 如社会经济发展不发达地区儿童对先占线索的利用在发展上会有所延迟, 集体主义文化中的幼儿在进行所有权判断时更保守一些, 表现为当先占线索和劳动线索冲突时更倾向于判断物品属于先占者。未来研究应重视通过冲突线索范式探索不同线索在儿童所有权判断中的权重, 探索儿童基于不同线索判断所有权背后的内部心理机制, 同时尝试利用眼动技术等手段对2岁以下幼儿的所有权认知进行研究。

Children's judgment of ownership based on different cues and its cultural difference

Research shows that young children’s ownership judgment depends on different cues. Three-year- olds can reason ownership based on cues such as first possession, labor, testimony, control of permission and some stereotypes. Social and cultural factors can influence children's use of different cues in ownership judgment. There might be some delay in using the first possession cue for children in less developed regions or countries. Children in collectivistic cultures tend to be more conservative, indicated by their favor of the cue of first possessor when it conflicts with the cue of labor. Future studies can examine the weights of different cues in children’s ownership judgment by using the conflicting cues paradigm. Furthermore, researchers can use eye tracking techniques to reveal younger children’s ownership cognition.