不同自尊者对自我相关信息的记忆偏好

研究主要采用4(自尊类型)×2(词汇效价)混合设计,探讨了178名不同自尊水平或不同自尊类型大学生对自我相关信息的记忆偏好。结果发现:(1)高外显自尊者比低自尊者有更积极的记忆偏好,消极记忆偏好差异不显著;高内隐自尊者则比低自尊者有更弱的积极回忆偏好及更弱的消极回忆偏好。(2)就作为组内差异存在的记忆偏好而言,所有被试均有积极偏好;就作为组间差异存在的记忆偏好而言,脆弱的高自尊者有更强的积极偏好,但低自尊者也没有表现出明显的消极偏好。结果提示不同自尊者对自我相关信息有不同记忆偏好。

Memory Bias for Self-Relevant Information of People with Different Self-Esteem

Self esteem is not only high or low, but also has different types in each level. Memory bias lies not only among groups, but also in groups themselves. However, very few researches are paid enough attention to these issues. 4(types of self-esteem)×2(valence of words) mixed design was mainly adopted in this study to explore different memory bias of self-relevant information of 184 participants with different self-esteem, in which types of self-esteem were divided according to the consistency between explicit self-esteem, measured with Rosenberg (1965) Self Esteem Scale, and implicit self-esteem, measured with Implicit Association Test. The results were as follows: (1) participants with high explicit self-esteem had more posit ive memory bias than those with low self-esteem; while those with low implicit self esteem had less positive or negative memory bias than those with low self-esteem. (2) for the memory bias as a kind of difference in groups, all groups had positive bias; for the bias as a kind of difference among groups, participants with fragile high self-esteem had more positive bias, but those with low self-esteem had no obvious negative bias either. These results indicate that people with different self-esteem, in different levels or different types, have different memory bias of self-relevant information.