低家庭社会阶层大学生为何更容易社交焦虑？——心理社会资源和拒绝敏感性的多重中介作用

在阶层的社会认知理论和备用容量模型框架下，探讨心理社会资源、拒绝敏感性在家庭社会阶层与大学生社交焦虑间的多重中介作用。选取1400名在校大学生为被试，采用与积极心理变量结果相关度最高的乐观、控制感、自尊和外向性四种人格特质问卷作为心理社会资源的测量工具，同时施测了MacArthur主观社会阶层量表、拒绝敏感性问卷、Liebowitz社交焦虑量表，还收集了被试的父母亲职业、受教育程度及月收入水平等客观家庭社会阶层指标。Bootstrap中介效应检验结果表明，家庭社会阶层显著负向预测大学生社交焦虑，心理社会资源水平、拒绝敏感性在二者间起到中介作用，同时家庭社会阶层还顺序性地通过先影响心理社会资源、再影响拒绝敏感性这一链式路径对社交焦虑产生影响。因此为了预防和干预低阶层大学生社交焦虑，未来可以考虑提升心理社会资源水平和降低拒绝威胁敏感性两种途径。

Why Are Undergraduates from Lower-class more likely to Experience Social Anxiety?The Multiple Mediating Effects of Psychosocial Resources and Rejection Sensitivity

The problem of social anxiety among Chinese undergraduates is serious. Previous studies have indicated that social anxiety was more prone to occur among lower-class individuals. However, the psychological mechanism has not been fully explored yet. Social cognitive theory of social class interprets the association between individuals’ social class and healthy condition, which proposes that lower-class individuals are much easier to be influenced by external environment because they have less supports and more threats. Thus, they have higher threat sensitivity and more negative emotions. Additionally, the reserve capacity model showed the effect and mechanisms of social class on individuals’ health conditions. According to reserve capacity model, psychosocial resources are tangible, interpersonal and intrapersonal energy that can be used to cope with daily life pressure. Unfortunately, lower-class environment may expose individuals to more stressors while equipping them with less psychosocial resources. Therefore, we hypothesized the multiple mediating effects of psychosocial resources and threat sensitivity between social class and mental health. The present study aimed to testify the multiple mediating effects of psychosocial resources and rejection sensitivity between family social class and social anxiety. The present study recruited 1400 undergraduates and adopted the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Class, Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, Liebwitz Social Anxiety Scale and self-report measures of psychosocial resources. Given previous studies have found optimism, mastery, self-esteem, and extraversion are most related to beneficial outcomes, psychosocial resources were measured by life orientation test-reversed, a measure of dispositional optimism; scale of sense of control, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the extraversion subscale of the Eysenck personality Inventory. We also collected the information about parents’ occupation, education level, and monthly family income, which were used as the indexes of objective social class. The results of bootstrap process analysis revealed that: (1) Family social class significantly predicted psychosocial resources (?=0.967，p < .001) and rejection sensitivity(?=-.145，p < .001) ; (2) When the mediate variables enter the equation, the effect of family social class on social anxiety turned out insignificant(?=-.487，p >.05) ; (3) Psychosocial resources significantly predicted rejection sensitivity(?=-.109，p < .001), and social anxiety(?=-.955，p < .001). Rejection sensitivity significantly predicted social anxiety (?=1.267，p < .001) ; (4) Bootstrap mediation analysis suggested that three mediate paths were all significant. The mediating effects were -0.924, -.134, and -0.184 respectively. Psychosocial resources and threat sensitivities partly mediated the effect of family social class on social anxiety. The mediation effect was 71.82% of total effect. In all, the current study suggested that family social class had a significant negative effect on social anxiety among Chinese undergraduates. Furthermore, psychosocial resources and rejection sensitivity had multiple mediating effects between family social class and social anxiety. Therefore, increasing psychosocial resources and reducing the rejection sensitivity might help social anxiety prevention and intervention of undergraduates from lower-class families.