自伤行为研究：现状、问题与建议

自我伤害行为指个体在没有明确自杀意图的情况下, 故意、重复地改变或伤害自己的身体组织。这种行为虽不致死, 但极具危险性。对自伤的诊断一直存在争议, 争议的焦点主要是自伤与自杀、自伤与边缘型人格障碍的关系问题。从流行学调查结果看, 国内普通青少年自伤比例高于西方, 达36%~57%, 但该行为在国内所受关注不多、相关研究甚少。影响自伤的危险因子, 总体可分为早年创伤性经验和个体易感性两大类, 后者包括情绪管理障碍、冲动性和生物学因素, 但各因素对自伤的影响程度尚不清楚。从病因和病理学研究现状看, 很多理论模型被提出来解释自伤的动机和原因, 包括功能性模型、发展病理性模型和整合模型等。自伤领域的研究虽然在近10年有飞跃性的增长, 但仍然有很多问题值得进一步探讨, 未来研究可以考虑进行自伤的分类研究、某些主题的细化研究、跨学科和跨文化研究等。

The Current Status, Problems and Recommendations on Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in China

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI, or Self-injury, SI) is an intentional and repeated destruction of one’s own body tissues without suicidal intentions or purposes. SI is very perilous though not always fatal, which is frequently seen among adolescents and young adults compared to older adults. Domestic SI, which is approximately 36%~57%, is much more prevalent than that in any other western countries. Not much is known why people engage in SI. The risky factors for SI include traumatic experiences in childhood and individual vulnerability, such as emotion dysregulation, impulsivity and biological factors. In this review, several explanatory models of SI are discussed, including the functional model, the developmental psychopathological model and the integrated theoretical model. However, more efforts are needed to further investigate the mechanism of SI and other related issues. Future research should also focus on the classification, the affect-regulation function, the inter-disciplinary and cross-cultured study of SI.