论心理学发展的困境与出路

近年来西方心理学家对心理学发展取向提出强烈批评。综合各家所论，心理学以往发展的困境乃是由于：(1)自哲学心理学到科学心理学对人性解释的理论始终纷歧，以致无法形成常规科学条件；(2)科学心理学自始即标榜自然科学而缺独立意识；(3)强调科学方法，忽视人性特质而陷入削足适履困境。因此，今后国内心理学的发展势不能再全盘西化，而应在人性特质与本土文化基础上吸取西方心理学精义，针对国人心理特质研究发展出属於自己的理论与应用心理学。本文最后提出的四会能力教学构想，希望对本土文化取向应用心理学的研究发挥一点抛砖引玉作用。

On the Predicaments and Prospects of the Development of Psychology

During the recent years, western psychologists have made strong criticism of the approaches of psychology development. In summary, the predicaments of psychology development in the past were caused by: l)a discrepancy among theories,philosophical psychology or scientific psychology, that tried to explain human nature but in effect checked the growth of the right conditions for science; 2) the advocacy of natural science and the lack of self-dependent consciousness; and 3) an emphasis on scientific methods, and the neglect of human nature, which led to the difficult situation of a procrustean bed. With regard to the development of psychology at home, an out-and-out westernization is definitely wrong but it is necessary to tap the cream of western psychology on the foundation of indigenous culture, to bring about basic and applied psychologies of our own. The author worked out a four-competence instruction project with an eye to arouse the interest in the research and development of applied psychology with an indigenous orientation.