全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4984篇 |
免费 | 87篇 |
国内免费 | 74篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 50篇 |
2019年 | 45篇 |
2018年 | 54篇 |
2017年 | 55篇 |
2016年 | 45篇 |
2015年 | 42篇 |
2014年 | 52篇 |
2013年 | 161篇 |
2012年 | 45篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 31篇 |
2009年 | 41篇 |
2008年 | 46篇 |
2007年 | 48篇 |
2006年 | 40篇 |
2005年 | 42篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 334篇 |
1984年 | 398篇 |
1983年 | 291篇 |
1982年 | 308篇 |
1981年 | 345篇 |
1980年 | 359篇 |
1979年 | 339篇 |
1978年 | 367篇 |
1977年 | 287篇 |
1976年 | 266篇 |
1975年 | 258篇 |
1974年 | 273篇 |
1973年 | 235篇 |
排序方式: 共有5145条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
This essay explores the current and historical meaning of forgiveness in Arab and Islamic cultural and religious contexts. It also hopes to encourage further empirical research on this understudied topic in both religious and peacebuilding studies. In addition to the perceived meaning of forgiveness in an Arab Islamic context, this essay examines the links between forgiveness and reconciliation. Relying on religious sources including the Qur'an and Hadith, as well as certain events in Islamic history, the essay identifies various ways to conceptualize and explain the meaning of forgiveness. This theoretical and conceptual segment is followed by a section which explores current perceptions of forgiveness among Arab Muslim teachers in five different communities. The empirical data for this analysis is based on a larger comparative regional study that has been completed through surveys and structured interviews with educators from Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, and Palestinians from the West Bank and Israel. Our study concluded that the teachers' perceptions of forgiveness were mainly derived from religious sources and identities and that Islamic religious discourse provided a solid foundation for framing the meaning of forgiveness. 相似文献
2.
Daniela Di Santo Marina Chernikova Arie W. Kruglanski Antonio Pierro 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(5):882-890
We present an experiment showing that need for closure (NFC)—defined as the epistemic desire for certainty—can moderate individuals' affective reactions to cognitive inconsistency. Informed by Kruglanski and colleagues' new theory, that cognitive inconsistency elicits negative affect particularly under certain circumstances, we find that NFC (i.e. the desire for certain, stable and unambiguous knowledge) influences the strength of consistency effects and resulting negative affect. More specifically, we find that individuals who are high on NFC experience more negative affect upon encountering an inconsistent (vs. consistent) cognition. However, when individuals are low on NFC, inconsistency is irrelevant, and their affect depends on whether the ultimate outcome of the cognition is positive or negative. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this research. 相似文献
3.
Amarie Carnett Einar T. Ingvarsson Alicia Bravo Jeff Sigafoos 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2020,53(3):1383-1403
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who have limited speech are often taught to communicate using a speech-generating device (SGD). We evaluated procedures for teaching a mand for information (i.e., Where is [item]?) using an interrupted behavior chain procedure. In Experiment 1, all participants (3 children with ASD who communicated using an SGD) acquired the target mand but transfer to a novel stimulus did not occur. In the second experiment, 2 participants were taught to approach alternative communication partners when the first partner did not provide the information. The second experiment also included procedures to test whether the responses were under the control of appropriate motivating operations (MOs). Generalization across communication partners occurred with both participants, but transfer across behavior chains with only 1 participant. The results of both experiments suggest that teaching multiple behavior chains and evaluating MO control may be necessary to establish generalized manding for information. 相似文献
4.
John Michael Alina Gutoreva Michele H. Lee Peng Ning Tan Eleanor M. Bruce Marcell Székely Thobhani Ankush Hiroaki Sakaguchi Lukasz Walasek Elliot A. Ludvig 《决策行为杂志》2020,33(3):270-286
People's risky decisions are susceptible to the social context in which they take place. Across three experiments using different paradigms, we investigated the influence of three social factors upon participants' decisions: the recipient of the decision-making outcome (self, other, or joint), the nature of the relationship with the other agent (friend, stranger, or teammate), and the type of information that participants received about others' preferences: none at all, general information about how previous participants had decided, or information about a specific partner's preference. We found that participants' decisions about risk did not differ according to whether the outcome at stake was their own, another agent's, or a joint outcome, nor according to the type of information available. Participants did, however, adjust their preferences for risky options in light of social information. 相似文献
5.
Hindsight bias was studied in the context of the accident in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which took place on April 26th 1986. An individual difference factor which relates to the motivation to process information, need for cognition, was expected to moderate the occurrence of hindsight bias. Probability estimates of many casualties due to the use of nuclear power in The Netherlands were obtained from 212 individuals two months before the accident in Chernobyl. These estimates were compared with similar estimates made in hindsight by the same individuals five months after the accident. Loglinear Analyses reveal a systematic hindsight bias. However, the direction of the bias was contrary to expectations. In hindsight, individuals gave lower probabilities than they actually did two months before the Chernobyl accident. These results reveal a reverse hindsight bias. As hypothesized, need for cognition moderates hindsight bias: individuals low and medium in need for cognition express a systematic reverse hindsight bias, while individuals high in need for cognition do not. High need for cognition individuals also show higher literal consistency between the two measurements, which supports a memory explanation of the moderating effect of need for cognition. 相似文献
6.
Genetic counselors have participated in the Michigan Newborn Screening Program on a contractual basis since 1988. Their role includes newborn screening education and training, newborn nursery site visits, and monitoring newborn screening in hospitals. Their impact has been to improve the quality of newborn screening services by reducing errors and increasing completion of data fields on newborn screening cards, improving hospital nursery cooperation and problem solving, and enhancing health department response to specific problems. 相似文献
7.
8.
David M Schweiger Carl R Anderson Edwin A Locke 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》1985,36(2):245-272
Two studies using a computer-simulated, strategy-formulation game and business students were conducted using simultaneous verbal protocols. It was found that a number of information-processing and information-evaluation thought processes were significantly related to game performance. Consistent with what is known about individual decision making, the present results suggest that, for the task used in this study, individuals who engage in causal analysis perform better than those who do not. But those who focus on negative emotions, blindly repeat previously successful decisions, and engage in illogical through processes perform more poorly than those who do not. Causal replication using real managers within organizational settings, however, is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn from this research. 相似文献
9.
Mario Sussmann Robert P Vecchio 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》1985,36(1):96-112
Within the framework of valence-instrumentality (VI) theory, a fourfold model is developed to predict the contribution which is made by one outcome of an alternative to the valence of that alternative. The proposed model uses four subjective conditional probabilities which are based on the presence and absence of an alternative, and on the occurrence and nonoccurrence of an outcome. Valence is defined as the difference between the attractiveness values of the occurrence of an alternative (or an outcome) and the nonoccurrence of an alternative (or an outcome). Also, differences between subjective probabilities replace instrumentalities. Alternative valence-instrumentality formulations are analyzed in relation to the proposed fourfold model. The proposed model can be understood as a consistent application of Vroom's model (1964, Work and motivation, New York: Wiley), while other models are judged to be relatively deficient. The fourfold model, in combination with a matrix formulation of expectancy concepts, addresses a number of criticisms of VI theory and makes possible a test of the theory within the limits of its own assumptions. 相似文献
10.
Daniel J Brass 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》1985,35(2):216-240
This research investigated the relationships between technology, interdependence, job characteristics, and employee satisfaction, performance, and influence. Technology was operationalized at the individual level of analysis to include the dimensions of input uncertainty, conversion uncertainty, and output uncertainty. Pooled, sequential, and reciprocal interdependence was assessed. The results indicated that input and conversion uncertainty and interdependence were strongly related to such job characteristics as autonomy, skill variety, task identity, task significance, and task feedback. While the job characteristics related positively to employee satisfaction, input and conversion uncertainty related negatively to satisfaction, thus creating a mutual suppression effect. Although the uncertainty dimensions did not relate significantly to performance, there is some evidence that this negative relationship was being suppressed by the positive relationship between job characteristics and performance. Both the job characteristics and the technology dimensions related positively to influence. Results were discussed in terms of appropriate matches between technology and job characteristics. 相似文献