The Theory of Planned Behavior as a Model of Academic Dishonesty in Engineering and Humanities Undergraduates

This study examines the use of a modified form of the theory of planned behavior in understanding the decisions of undergraduate students in engineering and humanities to engage in cheating. We surveyed 527 randomly selected students from three academic institutions. Results supported the use of the model in predicting ethical decision-making regarding cheating. In particular, the model demonstrated how certain variables (gender, discipline, high school cheating, education level, international student status, participation in Greek organizations or other clubs) and moral constructs related to intention to cheat, attitudes toward cheating, perceptions of norms with respect to cheating, and ultimately cheating behaviors. Further the relative importance of the theory of planned behavior constructs was consistent regardless of context, whereas the contributions of variables included in the study that were outside the theory varied by context. Of particular note were findings suggesting that the extent of cheating in high school was a strong predictor of cheating in college and that engineering students reported cheating more frequently than students in the humanities, even when controlling for the number of opportunities to do so.     

心脏病外科治疗之趋势——微创

在近20年间,伴随着科学技术的发展以及医疗水平的提高,微创已经成为了外科医生行使手术的重要选择之一;由于国家生活水平的提高,患者不但追求高生存率,同时提出了更高的要求——低病痛,快恢复期,伤口美观等,微创外科得到了越来越多的人的青睐。本文主要探讨了微创心脏外科的分类(小切口技术,电视胸腔镜辅助心脏外科技术,机器人辅助心脏外科技术)以及各种新技术在心脏外科领域所存在的优势和不足,同时辩证地指出了心脏外科的未来发展趋势以及在发展过程中可能存在的一系列矛盾,同时指出了医疗为患者个体服务的观点。     

JOURNEY OF THE UNIVERSE: WEAVING SCIENCE WITH THE HUMANITIES

This article discusses Journey of the Universe as a project that consists of a film, book, conversation series, online classes, and a website. It describes how the creators worked to integrate science and humanities, not privilege or elevate science. It refutes arguments made in Lisa Sideris's Consecrating Science: Wonder, Knowledge, and the Natural World that suggest that Journey overlooks religion and distorts wonder. The article observes that Journey does not dismiss religion but includes it in explicit ways. It does not dictate wonder; it evokes wonder. In short, Journey is a living or functional cosmology with implications for mutually enhancing human–Earth relations.     

医学与艺术:临床医学和医学人文学关系探索

医学与艺术是医学人文学研究的重要课题.医学与艺术有着广泛的联系,涉及对临床医学性质的争论,医学人文学对临床医学教育与实践的作用,艺术对医学的表现与理解,以及作为治疗康复手段的艺术.     

"人文解剖学"视野中的医学创伤与医疗干预

医学发展至今,一直是"征服疾病"的干预手段,这种干预有着扩展和泛化的趋势,逐渐由修复向替代发展.随着医学人文思想的逐步觉醒,"人文解剖学"的引入,人们开始对医疗干预,尤其是创伤干预进行了反思.微创医学的兴起,从三个方面给予这种过度干预以新的思考.由此而得到的启示是,医学需要两盏灯引路,一盏是职业和技术的灯,一盏是人文主义的灯.     

Incorporation of an invasive object

The author discusses the experience of 'being invaded' that is sometimes communicated by certain severely disturbed patients. The complaint can sometimes be couched in terms of bodily suffering and such patients may state that they have the experience of a 'foreign body' inside. It is suggested that these patients have suffered severe early failure of containment of their projections, while at the same time they have incorporated primitive characteristics of the object that have been powerfully projected into them. An object that invades in this way, it is suggested, experiences a compulsive need to expel unbearable states of mind using others as a repository. The infant incorporates these violent projections as part of his own mental representational system, and normal identifi cation processes are disrupted. There follows impairment of the development of the sense of self. Clinical examples of how the invasive experience manifests itself in the analytic setting and in the transference and countertransference are presented. It is argued that this highly complex form of early subject-object interaction (prior to the differentiation of psyche-soma) is more likely to be found in severely narcissistically disturbed individuals. Some refl ections on the origins of invasive phenomena are given.     

卵巢良性肿瘤诊断与治疗的思考

卵巢肿瘤位于盆腔深处早期没有症状,为临床诊治造成一定困难。如何在早期鉴别诊断卵巢肿瘤的良恶性?对卵巢肿瘤的处理原则有无规律可循?对治疗卵巢肿瘤引起的急腹症有无新的进展?在微创手术中如何保护正常卵巢组织?如何监测评价卵巢功能?本文将重点进行探讨。     

达芬奇手术机器人系统在普通外科的应用

20世纪80年代腹腔镜的出现使微创技术的发展取得了长足的进步,在此基础上,手术机器人的研发和应用开启了微创外科新纪元。本文通过达芬奇手术机器人系统在普通外科各类手术中的具体运用,分析了手术机器人对比传统腔镜技术的技术优势,及当前临床应用的瓶颈,并对高新技术的发展进行了点滴思考。     

准确把握微创外科的适应证

分析了以腔镜手术为代表的微创外科在疾病治疗中的地位和适应证,指出微创手术不应当只是切口的减小,应该综合降低各种创伤因素;在“后腔镜时代”,要注意发现因腔镜技术而带来的疾病诊疗原则和手术适应证上的新变化,努力从不断发展的新兴科技中从寻找新的技术增长点,以此扩大微创外科的适应证;也要看到微创手术还不能完全取代传统开放手术,不要盲目扩大微创手术的适应证,更不能企望微创手术能完成传统手术不能治疗的疾病。     

微创医学中的介入性超声

超声检查具有实时、动态、灵活、方便等优点,在临床上有重要作用。介入性超声是在超声显像的基础上,为进一步满足临床诊断和治疗的需要而发展起来的一门新技术,在微创医学体系中占有非常重要的地位,但只有与其它微创技术联合应用才更有活力和生机。