Is anorexia nervosa a neuropsychological disease?

Evidence for central nervous system, and more particularly cortical, etiology of anorexia nervosa is reviewed. Topics covered are neuropsychiatric comorbidity, inheritance patterns, the neurobiology of body-image disturbance and of the eating function, perinatal and alcoholic insult to the brain, neurochemical and neuroelectric disturbance, anatomic and metabolic brain imaging, and neuropsychological impairment. It is concluded that there is indeed an important neuropsychological etiological dimension to anorexia nervosa. The profile most frequently associated with anorexia nervosa is right posterior hypometabolism, followed by right anterior hypermetabolism, both associated with right-sided abnormal electroencephalogram spiking. It is also proposed that bulimia consists of a positive neurological subtype and that restricting anorexia represents a negative neurological subtype. Priorities for further research into anorexia nervosa are specified to include twin adoption studies, brain electrical topography studies, postmortem histological studies, and experimentally inspired neuropsychological studies.     

Psychopathology in anxiety disorders

Complaints of anxiety, often meetingDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. (DSM-III), criteria for anxiety disorder, are among the most common problems presenting to health practitioners. In spite of the frequency of anxiety and anxiety disorders, little is known about the basic psychopathology of these conditions that would lead to the development of more efficient and effective treatments and possible preventive efforts. Recently, there has been an increase in research on the psychopathology of anxiety disorders from biological, psychological, and social perspectives. The National Institute of Mental Health's Clinical Research Branch sponsored a 2-day workshop of investigators representing diverse research approaches to discuss emerging issues and research practices within the anxiety disorders. Discussions centered on a review of the general areas of classification, phenomenology, and etiology. A selective summary of this workshop is presented along with recommendations for specific research directions.     

The Role of Trauma in Conduct Disorder

Summary

Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of conduct disorder, in conjunction with other contributing factors. Trauma history is ubiquitous in the conduct disordered population, and trauma effects can help to account for many features of conduct disorder, including lack of empathy, impulsivity, anger, acting-out, and resistance to treatment. The current standard of care fails to fully address trauma, which may partially explain the low success rate of extant treatment approaches. A trauma-informed perspective is introduced to current models of conduct disorder. Research, prevention, and treatment implications are discussed.     

创伤后应激障碍与物质使用障碍共病的病因学及其启示

创伤后应激障碍与物质使用障碍共病率高,现有的治疗方法疗效差,总结20年来创伤后应激障碍与物质使用障碍共病研究中病因学方面的新认识,通过对病因的哲学思考可以为今后的治疗方向提供一条思路:两病同治;应提倡药物治疗、认知干预和社会支持综合的治疗手段.     

唯心主义与癔症

从唯心主义角度分析癔症病因,为揭示癔症形成提供新的思路.说明唯心主义认知观在癔症的形成中有不可忽视的作用.因此,改变癔症患者的唯心主义认知现对治疗癔症患者有重要的作用.     

PTSD在中国的研究进展

PTSD是近十年来在中国精神病学界逐渐引起重视的一种反应性精神障碍。随着国外对PTSD的深入研究以及中国心理卫生事业的发展,相关领域的学者开始从事这一方面的研究并取得了不少成就。文章对中国PTSD的流行病学、神经生物学基础、病因学以及诊断和治疗等各个方面的研究作了初步总结和探讨。     

儿童反应性依恋障碍：病源、诊断与干预

反应性依恋障碍是一种儿童社会心理障碍, 不仅存在于福利院儿童中, 还存在于一般家庭儿童中, 其病因可能与个体早期的依恋关系、基因遗传和认知加工能力有关。反应性依恋障碍的诊断依据主要有DSM-Ⅳ、DSM-5和RDC-PA, 标准评估包是其目前主要的评估工具, 但目前对反应性依恋障碍的干预还处于探索阶段。未来的研究可尝试在反应性依恋障碍的本土化研究, 诊断评估、脑神经机制及综合化治疗干预方面深入展开。     

What Causes Specific Language Impairment in Children?

ABSTRACT— Specific language impairment (SLI) is diagnosed when a child's language development is deficient for no obvious reason. For many years, there was a tendency to assume that SLI was caused by factors such as poor parenting, subtle brain damage around the time of birth, or transient hearing loss. Subsequently it became clear that these factors were far less important than genes in determining risk for SLI. A quest to find "the gene for SLI" was undertaken, but it soon became apparent that no single cause could account for all cases. Furthermore, although fascinating cases of SLI caused by a single mutation have been discovered, in most children the disorder has a more complex basis, with several genetic and environmental risk factors interacting. The clearest evidence for genetic effects has come from studies that diagnosed SLI using theoretically motivated measures of underlying cognitive deficits rather than conventional clinical criteria.     

原发性和继发性早期复发性自然流产的病因分析

为了分析原发性和继发性早期复发性自然流产（RSA）病因特点,对在本中心就诊的原发性和继发性早期RSA患者进行内分泌、遗传、感染、自身免疫、子宫解剖、男方精液等方面的检查。结果显示,原发性和继发性早期RSA患者病因特点有所不同,可以有针对性地选择病因检查。