Exploring Processes in Day-to-Day Parent–Adolescent Conflict and Angry Mood: Evidence for Circular Causality

Parent–adolescent conflict has been studied both as a precursor of long-term macrolevel developmental risks and as an outcome of microlevel, moment-to-moment interaction patterns. However, the family-level processes underlying the maintenance or regulation of conflict in daily life are largely overlooked. A meso-level understanding of parent–adolescent conflict offers important practical insights that have direct implications for interventions. The present study explores day-to-day reciprocal processes and carryover in parents’ and adolescents’ experiences of anger and conflict. Daily diary data provided by parent–adolescent dyads (N = 151) from two-caregiver households (adolescents: 61.59% female, mean age = 14.60 years) over 21 days were examined using a multivariate Poisson multilevel model to evaluate the circular causality principle in parents’ and adolescents’ daily conflict and anger. Findings offer empirical support for the theory, suggesting that parents’ and adolescents’ anger and conflict exist together in a feedback loop wherein conflict is both a consequence of past anger and also an antecedent of future anger, both within and across persons. Increased understanding of the daily interaction patterns and maintenance of parent–adolescent conflict can guide more informed, targeted, and well-timed interventions intended to ameliorate the consequences of problematic parent–adolescent conflict sequences.     

Phenomenology of the trickster archetype,U.S. electoral politics and the Black Lives Matter movement

This paper examines the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in cultural, historical and relational contexts at the intersection of the U.S. Civil Rights movement, U.S. Civil Rights legislation, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and reforms thereto in the recent U.S. Supreme Court decision of Shelby County v Holder, 570 U.S.529 (2013). The intergenerational relations between the BLM movement and these ongoing movements for civil and human rights is underscored. In the wake of protests about the sadistic murder of George Floyd, an unarmed African American man, by a Caucasian police officer, the BLM movement has been mischaracterized as an affront to law and order by the Trump-led U.S. administration. The mischaracterization was a re-election campaign effort designed to ignite ‘white fear’, ‘white rage’ and to defend police brutality and systemic racism. Analytical psychology and the phenomenology of the trickster archetype, as amplified from the African-centric perspective in the Yoruba deity Esu-Elegba, are employed to interrogate partisan obstructionist behaviours that assault multicultural democracy in both contemporary U.S. electoral politics and the political economy. The paper concludes with a brief note on the social activism of Fair Fight Georgia and the integration of its agenda into the BLM movement.     

Teoría multifactorial-sistemática—exposición sucinta—

RESUMEN

Los autores esbozan su Teoría Multifactorial Sistemática, que presenta una concepción general de la estructura, dinámica y desarrollo de las diferencias individuales en la personalidad integradora. Se analiza la estructura y dinámica de la individualidad desde el marco conceptual del procesamiento de la información, en el cual la personalidad -o el sistema psicológico total- viene a ser concebida como un compuesto jerárquico organizado de seis sistemas en interacción: sensorial, motor, cognitivo, afectivo, estilos y valores. Para ello comienzan con algunos comentarios acerca del modelo factorial y el de sistemas, describiendo seguidamente su concepción actual de “estructura”, “dinámicas” y “desarrollo” de la individualidad. A continuación se ocupan del significado de la interacción herencia-ambiente y persona-situación, y finalizan discutiendo problemas empíricos y teóricos no resueltos y las implicaciones de su teoría.     

El constructo ansiedad en Psicología: una revisión

RESUMEN

Se trata en este artículo de dar una visión sucinta y comprensiva del tratamiento que, desde el ámbito de la Psicología científica, ha recibido el tema de la ansiedad. Casi todas las escuelas, tanto clínicas como experimentales, han intentado dar una explicación, cada cual con su método y de sus principios teóricos a este complejo fenómeno. Aquí se analizarán cuatro enfoques: Psicodinámica y humanística; Experimental motivacional; Psicométrico-factorial; Cognitivo-conductual. También se presenta, al final, de modo sintético, un resumen que trata de integrar las diferentes aportaciones que se han producido en el desarrollo del estudio científico del tema ansiedad.     

Evaluación estática versus evaluación dinámica. Una comparación experimental

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo ha consistido en plantear de manera experimental qué tipo de evaluación predice mejor el aprendizaje: una evaluación estática tradicional o una evaluación más dinámica basada en el concepto vygotskyano de “zona de desarrollo próximo”. Para ello, y partiendo de un contenido escolar procedimental, la resolución de problemas de matemáticas, hemos diseñado una serie de medidas dinámicas a las que hemos denominado “aprendizaje” y “transferencia” y las hemos comparado con las medidas más habituales de tipo estático. A través de un diseño correlacional hemos comprobado que la evaluación dinámica predice mejor el aprendizaje que la evaluación estática.     

The Experience in Personal Social Systems Questionnaire (EXIS.pers): Development and Psychometric Properties

This study presents the theoretical background, development, and psychometric properties of the German and English versions of the Experience in Personal Social Systems Questionnaire (EXIS.pers). It assesses how the members of a personal social system experience their situation within that system. It is designed as a research tool for interventions in which only one member of the system participates (e.g., Family Constellation Seminars). The EXIS.pers was created to measure change on the individual level relating to one's own important personal social system. In Study 1, we used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for latent variable identification of the original German EXIS.pers (n = 179). In Studies 2 and 3, we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the dimensionality of the German (n = 634) and English (n = 310) EXIS.pers. Internal consistencies and cross‐cultural structural equivalence were assessed. EFA indicated that a four‐factor model provided best fit for the German EXIS.pers. For both the German and English EXIS.pers, CFA provided the best fit for a five‐factor bi‐level model that included a general factor (Experience In Personal Social Systems) and four dimensions (Belonging, Autonomy, Accord, Confidence). Good internal consistencies, external associations, and cross‐cultural structural equivalence were demonstrated. This study provides first evidence for the German and English EXIS.pers as an economical and reliable measure of an individual's experience within his or her personal social systems.