苏联心理学界对活动理论的近期讨论

本文综述了近几年来苏联心理学界对A.H.列昂节夫代表的活动理论的讨论情况。其中包括三种意见,一种是支持态度,一种是持较大异议、企图用系统论取而代之的态度,一种是既不完全支持,也不完全否定的态度。从讨论中可以看出,活动理论在苏联仍有很大影响,人们公认列昂节夫是苏联马克思主义心理学奠基者之一,公认他提出的活动理论对建设马克思主义心理学的重要贡献。目前开展的讨论,不是要否定和批判活动理论,而是在爱护、珍惜它的前提下,对它进行补充、修正和发展,使它更加完善。作者认为,这一讨论对我们的主要启示是:一、苏联心理学者在把马克思主义作为建设心理学的方法论基础这一点上,没有根本分歧;二、我国心理学界需要展开一些理论上的争鸣和讨论,需要培养我们自己的理论家;三、必须首先明确“中国心理学的发展究竟走哪条路”的问题,为此应该重视基本理论的建设。     

六岁儿童入学問題的心理学研究

一、六岁入学問題的意义 解放以来,我国的教育事业在党的領导下发展迅速,不論在学校数量上或教学貭量上都有显著的增长和提高。学校制度也在不断地改进。1952年會在小学推行过五年一貫制的学校制度,但由于种种原因,只实行了几年,没有继續。1958年全国工农业出現了新的大跃进形势,教育事业也有了改革的迫切要求。党明确地提出了教育为无产阶級政治服务,教育与生产劳动相结合的方針。为貫彻党的教育方針,教育部門提出了改革教育的种     

Perception of Candomble Practitioners About Herbal Medicine and Health Promotion in Ceará, Brazil

Candomble, a Brazilian religion of African origin that worships Orishas, promotes “healing” assistance during its worship rituals using therapy with plants and beliefs. From its ancestry tradition, the respect and beware with nature are expressed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the perception of ethnoecology and health promotion among Candomble practitioners from a Candomble temple in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The ethnography was designed to allow greater immersion into the current mystique. This immersion results in the breaking of existing prejudices and admiration for their worldview. Thus, it can be observed that people seek Candomble to get rid of “bad” health difficulties, such as insomnia, depression, eyesight problems among others, which are commonly treated with herbal preparations, baths, and teas, using plants native to the region; however, their indications are not always in accordance with scientific evidence. In parallel with biomedicine, their hospitable and healthcare practices are considered by most as the equivalent to traditional healthcare actions, but greater recognition of biomedicine is necessary. Based on this perspective, the use of native plants in Candomble is examples of memory, hospitality, and humanization for the community wellness.     

Fear response to dissociation challenge

Abstract

Participants (N = 101) scoring high or low on a new scale for assessing fear of dissociative sensations (Dissociation Sensitivity Index) underwent an audio/visual sensory challenge using a device called the D.A.V.I.D. Participants' report of subjective fear and level of dissociation were measured before and after completing the audio/visual sensory challenge. Consistent with prediction, participants scoring high on the DSI responded to the challenge with significantly greater increases in subjective fear and dissociative symptoms relative to those scoring low on the DSI. Contrary to prediction, the DSI performed poorer than the Anxiety Sensitivity Index in predicting participants' response to the audio/visual sensory challenge. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.     

基诺族左右利手分布的再调查

1981年,全国利手研究协作组对基诺族的左右利手分布作了首次调查。这次调查的结果是,基诺族全部是强右利手。这是一个非常特殊的结论。为此,一九八九年我们对基诺族的左右利手分布又作了一次调查。调查发现,基诺族并不都是强右利手,他们当中既有一般的右利手,也有混合利手,还有左利手,甚至有1.79％的强左利手。基诺族的左利率高于汉族,但与其他少数民族接近。基诺族的左利率偏高占其传统文化有关。全国利手研究协作组的调查结果应该修正。     

Precision teaching: A tool for the school psychologist and teacher

The authors of this paper have tried to provide an introduction to the language and problem solving approach called Precision Teaching. Reasons for using a specific language and reporting techniques are listed. Definitions of the terminology and examples taken from the classroom are provided. The main point of this paper is that systematic interventions, precisely described and systematically recorded, lead to the most successful interventions.     

Utility of the concept of brain damage for the school psychologist

This paper attempts to show that the concept of brain damage has little utility for the school psychologist or educator. This argument is based on three major points: (a) the definition of brain damage, particularly minimal brain damage, is unclear and confusing; (b) diagnosis of brain damage is often difficult and results of psychological testing often equivocal; and (c) differential treatment programs and educational procedures suggested for the brain injured child appear to be of only questionable value. Extreme caution is urged to prevent hasty, uncritical adoption of many inadequately tested teaching and management techniques advocated for brain damaged children.     

Evaluation of outcome in school consultation

To further understanding regarding how content of change, degree of change, and initial level of functioning influence consultants' evaluation of consulation outcome, 14 mental health consultants completed a questionnaire. For each of the 18 prepost consultation ratings on the questionnaire (2 context × 3 degrees of change × 3 initial levels = 18), consultants rated the success of consultation and the degree to which they would like to have been the consultant. Analysis of variance results for both dependent measures indicate main effects for degree of change and initial level. Neither main effects for content nor interaction effects are indicated. It appears that consultants perceive consultation as more successful with and prefer working with consultees who improve the most and who function at a higher initial level.     

王士祯的文艺心理学思想

王士祯的诗歌理论,以神韵说为核心,涉及才性和学问,抒情和说理,构思和灵感,创作中的心理距离等一系列问题,具有一定心理学意义。     

试析弗兰克尔的意义治疗理论

意义治疗是奥地利著名精神医学家和心理医生弗兰克尔所提出的一种心理治疗理论.主要分析了意义治疗理论的基本命题、发现生命意义的途径以及意义治疗的核心技术和方法.