Different types of working memory binding in epilepsy patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy

The medial temporal lobe is an important structure for long-term memory formation, but its role in working memory is less clear. Recent studies have shown hippocampal involvement during working memory tasks requiring binding of information. It is yet unclear whether this is limited to tasks containing spatial features. The present study contrasted three binding conditions and one single-item condition in patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy.A group of 43 patients with temporal lobectomy (23 left; 20 right) and 20 matched controls were examined with a working memory task assessing spatial relational binding (object–location), non-spatial relational binding (object–object), conjunctive binding (object–colour) and working memory for single items. We varied the delay period (3 or 6 s), as there is evidence showing that delay length may modulate working memory performance.The results indicate that performance was worse for patients than for controls in both relational binding conditions, whereas patients were unimpaired in conjunctive binding. Single-item memory was found to be marginally impaired, due to a deficit on long-delay trials only.In conclusion, working memory binding deficits are found in patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy. The role of the medial temporal lobe in working memory is not limited to tasks containing spatial features. Rather, it seems to be involved in relational binding, but not in conjunctive binding. The medial temporal lobe gets involved when working memory capacity does not suffice, for example when relations have to be maintained or when the delay period is long.     

日间手术麻醉安全性探讨

日间手术,指患者在一个工作日（24 h ）内完成住院、手术及出院。由于其不受医院住院病床的限制,可以减少患者的候诊时间,手术室资源利用率增高,同时降低了患者的医疗成本。随着日间手术的日益开展,对于麻醉安全性的要求也不断提高。麻醉医生需提高自身的专业技能,严格掌握日间手术患者适应证、选择合适的患者,遵循麻醉流程及提高麻醉技术,抓好麻醉工作的各个环节。本文将结合围麻醉期的众多方面来探讨如何保证及提高日间手术麻醉的安全性。     

七氟醚预处理对腹腔镜胃肠手术肝功能的影响

了解七氟醚预处理对腹腔镜胃肠手术术后肝功能变化的影响。选取80例择期行腹腔镜胃癌、结肠癌、直肠癌根治术者,随机分为2组。七氟醚组（S组）于麻醉诱导后CO2气腹建立前吸入0．8％～1．5％七氟醚30min ,对照组（C组）吸入氧气。检测2组患者术前,术后1d、2d、3d及7d肝功能（ALT、AST、TB、DB、TP、ALB）。结果七氟醚组术后1d、2d、3d的ALT及AST 水平低于对照组,且七氟醚组内气腹时间＞2．5h者术后1d、2d的 ALT 增长率（4％）低于≤2．5h者（10％）,术后2d、3d的ALT降低率,气腹时间＞2．5h者（25％）高于≤2．5h者（23％）。七氟醚预处理对腹腔镜胃肠手术术后肝功能有一定保护作用,且气腹时间越长,保护作用越明显。     

腔内激光疗法联合高位结扎治疗大隐静脉曲张疗效分析

比较大隐静脉腔内激光疗法（EVLT）联合高位结扎术与传统术式的临床疗效。选取大连医科大学附属第二医院2008年2月~2014年2月收治的大隐静脉曲张患者180例,采用EVLT的90例患者为激光组,采用传统高位结扎剥脱治疗的90例患者为对照组。激光组患者手术时间,切口数目及出血量优于对照组（P〈0.05）;两组总体VCSS计分差值、CEAP分布改变无差异,但伴静脉性溃疡病例,激光组VCSS计分差值优于传统组（P〈0.05）;两组术后并发症无差异。EVLT联合高位结扎术综合疗效明显优于传统术式,伴有静脉性溃疡的病例尤其明显。     

T1期肾细胞癌保留肾单位手术安全切除边距的研究

探讨保留肾单位手术治疗T1期肾细胞癌时肿瘤周围组织的安全切缘,并评价术中评价（IE）肿瘤切缘方法的效果。T1期肾癌根治术标本50例,连续组织切片检查包膜完整性及多中心病灶。回顾21例肾部分切除术患者的临床病理资料,IE方法为切除肿瘤后从顶部到肿瘤基底部沿最长轴切开,肉眼观察。肿瘤直径和包膜完整性为多中心灶的显著相关因素（P〈0.05）。21例肾部分切除术患者切缘范围为1mm~10mm均阴性,随访12个月~118个月（平均35个月）,均无瘤存活。IE评价术中切缘情况安全有效,对于IE观察假包膜完整者,切缘3mm~5mm即可,如观察假包膜不完整,切缘应达到5mm~10mm。     

血小板计数与肝素耐药的相关性研究

研究心脏手术中的血小板（PLT）计数与肝素耐药的相关性。随机将120例行心脏手术患者根据PLT计数分成仍血小板组（PLT〈150×10^9·L^-1）和高血小板组（PLT〉250×10^9·L^-1）,每组各60例。麻醉后抽取中心静脉血监测浏活凝血时间（ACT）基础值,肝素化后ACT值,肝素总用量和鱼精蛋白用量,并计算鱼精蛋白／肝素用量。首次肝素化石静脉血ACT值两组间差异无统计学意义。但两组ACT基础值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。高血小板组肝素抗凝并足者有26例（43．3％）,低血小板组仅4例（6．67％）,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。肝素及鱼精蛋白用量均有朔计学意义,前者用量较大（P〈O．01）而后者用量较少（P〈O．05）。心脏手术时血小板计数高者易出现肝素抗凝不足。肝素需要量较大而鱼精蛋白用量较少。高血小板组以先心病患儿为多。     

腹腔镜全子宫切除术学习曲线探讨

为探讨腹腔镜下全子宫切除术学习曲线,收集我院自2011年6月至2012年6月由同一组医师连续开展最初50例腹腔镜下全子宫切除术病例,以每10例为一个手术阶段,分析记录其平均手术时间、出血量、并发症情况等.结果显示成功施行腹腔镜全子宫切除术50例,各组病例在年龄、BMI、既往有无腹部手术史等一般情况比较无明显差异.不同阶段术中出血量、手术时间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);进一步两两比较结果显示,第1阶段与第3、4、5阶段术中出血量比较差异有统计学意义,第2阶段与第3、4、5阶段术中出血量比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其余各阶段术中出血量无明显差异(P＞0.05).第1阶段与第2、3、4、5阶段手术时间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其余各阶段手术时间比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).由此推断腹腔镜下全子宫切除术学习曲线大约为10例～20例,即可达到较熟练水平和稳定程度.     

The influence of surgical stress,anxiety and benzodiazepine intravenous sedation on recall of oral surgery

Abstract

This study, part of a larger investigation of the efficacy and safety of intravenous sedation in dentistry, reports the prevalance of failure to recall information during third molar impaction surgery and attempts to differentate the effects of stress and benzodiazepines on recall. Both recognition of neutral pictures and the recall of surgical procedures were assessed. Recall failure in the drug groups ranged from zero for recall of stressful procedures, completed before drug titration, to 92 percent of subjects for recognition of the neutral picture presented at 5 minutes after the surgical procedure began. Placebo condition subjects had almost no recall loss. Recall failure was demonstrated to be primarily a function of the volume of midazolam employed. However, operative stress and trait and state anxiety explained some of the findings.     

Negotiating control: Patients’ experiences of unsuccessful weight-loss surgery

Interviews were carried out with 10 men and women who had undergone weight-loss surgery (WLS) up to 10 years ago and felt that it had failed. Seven had had a further successful procedure. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Weight regain following surgery was explained in terms of either the mechanics of the operation or with participants describing ways to ‘cheat’ as food continued to be used for emotional regulation. Everyone spoke of how surgery neglected their mind. Following the second successful surgery, participants described changes in both their eating behaviour and cognitions emphasising how their mind had been brought ‘in gear’ through the investment of two invasive procedures. Transcending all accounts was the mind/body relationship and the issue of control with attributions for both failed and successful surgery shifting from the self to the surgical mechanism as the participants negotiated the pathway between self-blame and responsibility and utilised conflicting frameworks in which the mind and body were either divided or united. Whereas failed surgery is characterised by a battle for control, successful surgery involves handing control over to their restricted stomachs or considering WLS as a tool to be worked with.     

Adoption of community-based cardiac rehabilitation programs and physical activity following phase III cardiac rehabilitation in Scotland: A prospective and predictive study

Little is known about levels of physical activity and attendance at phase IV community-based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) programs following completion of exercise-focussed, hospital-based phase III CR. This study aims to test, compare and combine the predictive utility of the Common-Sense Self-Regulation Model (CS-SRM) and the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) with action planning for two rehabilitation behaviours: physical activity and phase IV CR attendance. Individuals diagnosed with coronary heart disease (n = 103) completed baseline measures of illness perceptions, intentions, perceived behavioural control (PBC), action planning and past physical activity in the last week of a phase III CR program, and 95 participants completed follow-up measures of physical activity and attended phase IV CR (objectively confirmed) 2 months later. Only one predictor (PBC/cyclical timeline) significantly predicted levels and change of physical activity. While illness perceptions were not predictive of phase IV CR attendance, the extended TPB model showed good predictive power with action planning and intention as the most powerful predictors. Amongst participants who planned when and where to attend phase IV CR at the end of phase III rehabilitation, 65.9% subsequently attended a phase IV CR program compared to only 18.5% of those who had not made a plan. This study adds to our understanding of cardiac rehabilitation behaviour after completion of health service delivered programs. Comparing theoretical models and rehabilitation behaviours contributes to the development of behaviour theory.